| Technical
Notes
Annual
poverty Indicator Survey (APIS)
Introduction: The Annual
Poverty Indicator Survey (APIS) is a nationwide sample survey
designed to provide information on the different indicators
related to poverty. This survey is a joint undertaking of
the National Statistics Office, World Bank Mission and the
United Nation Development Program.
Survey Objectives: The
APIS aims to provide inputs to the development of an integrated
poverty indicator and monitoring system which would enhance
timely, accurate and consistent production of poverty-related
data that can be used at the national level.
It also aims to supplement the identification
of the poor families through the use of non-income indicators.
Hence, this survey provides information on the socio-economic
profile of families and other information relating to their
living conditions. More specifically, this survey gathers
information for the 78 provinces and all cities and municipalities
of Metro Manila on the demographic and economic characteristics,
health status and education of the family members; awareness
and use of family planning methods; housing, water and sanitation
condition of the families; availment of credit to finance
the family business or enterprise; and income and expenditures
of the family. In addition, it gathers information on the
effect of the economic crisis in families and the steps they
had taken in response to these problems.
Definitions of Terms and Concepts:
Demographic Characteristics ask information on the
demographic characteristics of each family member such as
relationship to the family head, sex, age and highest grade
completed.
Health Status obtains information on the
types of illnesses experienced by the family and the type
of health facilities that they are visiting or consulting
in case of illness or something pertaining to their family
health.
Schooling Status determines the educational
attainment of the family members 5 years old and over; it
also determines whether a family member aged between 6-24
years are currently attending formal school and if not, the
reason for not currently attending school.
Economic Characteristics obtains information
on the employment status of each family member 5 years old
and over; it also includes questions on the number of days
worked during the past quarter and salaries and wages from
employment of each working family member.
Family Planning assesses the knowledge of
the married women in the family regarding family planning.
Housing and Sanitation obtains information
that relates to housing characteristics and household amenities
owned by the family.
Credit Information obtains information on
the availment of credit needed in the operation of economic
activities.
Impact of Financial Crisis determines the
perception of the family regarding the effect of some economic
problems on their family living.
Family Sustenance determines whether or not
the family is engaged in the family sustenance activities,
which is for home consumption only, in order to augment family
income.
Net Share of Crops, Fruits and Vegetables
Produced or Livestock and Poultry Raised by Other Household
determines whether or not the family has received a share
on crops, fruits, vegetables, etc. which were raised and harvested
by other households, in terms of produce or in cash.
Entrepreneurial Activities determine if any
member of the family is engaged as operator or self-employed
in any agricultural or non-agricultural family-operated activities.
Other Sources of Income obtain information
on other sources of family income not derived from work.
Other Receipts obtain information on the
sources of non-income receipts of families, that is, those
that do not come from earnings, property income and gifts
received.
Family Expenditures determine the expenses
made by the family purely for personal consumption.
Class of Worker refers to the relationship
of the worker to the establishment in which he works.
Earnings refer to gross salary or wage whether
in cash or in kind. This include deductions made for retirement,
insurance premiums, social security, pension dues, PAG-IBIG
fund, MEDICARE, salary loans and other deductions reflected
in the payroll.
Earnings in cash include cash commissions,
tips, bonuses, cost of living allowance (COLA), Personal Relief
Allowance (PERA) and other allowances in cash for family living
such as transportation and representation allowance, clothing,
housing (given in cash), overtime pay, longevity pay, commissions
and medical benefits, etc.
Earnings in kind refer to those received
by the employee/paid worker in the form of goods like free
medicines, rice, meat, fish, clothing, free housing, free
bus service, etc., as remuneration for his services/work.
Family is an aggregate of persons bound by
ties of kinship, which live together under the same roof and
eat together or share in common the family food. It covers
both the nuclear family and the extended family. In cases
where persons not related with each other by blood, marriage
or adoption are in the same household, only the head of the
household is considered. This case is a single person family.
Highest grade completed refers to the highest
grade or year completed in school, college or university.
Occupation refers to the type of work, trade
or profession performed by the individual during the reference
period such as palay farmer, typists, physician, beauticians,
etc. If he is not at work, it refers to the kind of work he
was doing or will be doing if merely waiting for a new job
to begin within two weeks from the date of interview.
Primary job/business is any gainful activity
of a person which is a permanent and full time job, lasting
for one (1) year or longer or had lasted or expected to last
for one year or longer, regardless of whether he had a job/business
at work or not during the reference past week.
Respondent is a knowledgeable member of the
sample family who can provide accurate answer to most of the
questions in this survey.
Usual Occupation of economically active population
refers to the kind of job or business which they were engaged
in most of the time during the past 12 months such as palay
farmer, elementary school teacher, medical clerk, sari-sari
store proprietor, etc.; for the economically inactive population,
it would be housewife, student, pensioner, retired, disabled,
dependent, etc., as the case maybe.
Work is any economic activity that a person
does for pay, in cash or in kind, in any establishment, office,
farm, private home or for profit or without pay on family
farm or enterprise.
Background Information: The
Annual Poverty Indicator Survey (APIS) is a nationwide sample
survey designed to provide access and impact indicators that
can be used as inputs to the development of an integrated
poverty indicator and monitoring system for the assessment
of the government programs on poverty alleviation and for
use in policy-making and planning. This survey which seeks
to capture and provide poverty indicators on an annual basis
is a joint undertaking of the National Statistics Office,
World Bank Mission and the United Nation Development Program
(UNDP). The pilot APIS activities was financed by the UNDP
while the nationwide APIS was conducted using the European
Union funding support through the World Bank. The survey is
envisioned to be undertaken in the years when the Family Income
and Expenditures Survey is not conducted. The pilot APIS was
conducted in April 1998 in five selected provinces, namely,
Capiz, under the UNDP project entitled "Strengthening
Institutional Mechanisms for the Convergence of Poverty Alleviation
Efforts." The contents and procedures of the pilot APIS
were based on the results of two earlier UNDP funded studies
that were undertaken to provide insights on the extent of
poverty in the Philippines and to improve the data collection
on poverty. These were the Studies on Correlates of Poverty
and Expansion of Sampling Frame. The first one identified
both the household specific and location characteristics of
the poor using different indicators from the Labor Force Survey,
Family Income and Expenditures Survey, and Census of Population.
The latter evaluated the operational applicability of these
indicators and assessed the adequacy of the new master sample
design with respect to these important indicators. The experiences
from the pilot APIS served as input to improve the field operations
and the data processing systems in the nationwide APIS. The
use of handheld/palmtop computers (HPC) during the pilot and
the nationwide survey brought the NSO to a new level of information
technology. The HPC minimizes the data processing time since
the data is encoded to the HPC just right after it is collected
using the questionnaire. Hence, the data users can access
the APIS results five months after the field operation that
ended in November 1998.
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