NSCB Resolution No. 12
Series of 2004
Annex BR-012-2004-01
APPROVING AND ADOPTING
THE OFFICIAL CONCEPTS AND DEFINITIONS FOR
STATISTICAL PURPOSES OF THE SELECTED SECTORS:
AGRICULTURE, FISHERY AND FORESTRY,
FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENTS, AND TOURISM
Glossary of Official Definitions for Statistical
Purposes
Annex-BR-12-2004-01:AFF-01
AGRICULTURE, FISHERY AND FORESTRY
- Land cover - the observed (bio) physical cover of the earth's surface.
Reference: Food and Agriculture Organization, 2000
- Forest cover - refers to natural and manmade forests, including forests
within wetlands and built-up areas.
Reference: Food and Agriculture Organization, 2000
- Forest – refers to land with an area of more than 0.5 hectare
and tree crown cover (or equivalent stocking level) of more than 10 percent.
The trees should be able to reach a minimum height of 5 meters at maturity
in situ. It consists either of closed forest formations where trees of
various storeys and undergrowth cover a high proportion of the ground or
open forest formations with a continuous vegetation cover in which tree
crown cover exceeds 10 percent. Young natural stands and all plantations
established for forestry purposes, which have yet to reach a crown density
of more than 10 percent or tree height of 5 meters are included under forest.
These are normally forming part of the forest area, which are temporarily
unstocked as a result of human intervention or natural causes but
which are expected to revert to forest. It includes forest nurseries and
seed orchards that constitute an integral part of the forest; forest roads,
cleared tracts, firebreaks and other small open areas; forest within
protected areas; windbreaks and shelter belts of trees with an area of
more than 0.5 hectare and width of more than 20 meter; plantations primarily
used for forestry purposes, including rubber wood plantations. It also
includes bamboo, palm and fern formations (except coconut and oil palm).
Reference: Food and Agriculture Organization, 2000
- Natural forest - composed of indigenous trees, not planted by man.
Reference: Forest Resource Assessment, Food and
Agriculture Organization, 2000
- Bamboo/palm formation - forest on which more than 75 percent of crown
cover consist of bamboo/palm species.
Reference: Forest Resource Assessment, Food and Agriculture
Organization, 2000
- Beach forest - a narrow strip of woodland along the sandy and gravelly
beaches of the seacoast dominated by Terminalia catappa, Casuarina equisetifolia,
Barringtonia asiatica, Sonneratia caseolaris, Acacia farnesiana and Erythrina
orientalis.
Reference: Forest Resource Assessment, Food and Agriculture
Organization, 2000
- Broadleaved forest - forest with a predominance (more than 75 percent
of tree crown cover) of trees of broad-leaved species.
Reference: Forest Resource Assessment, Food and Agriculture
Organization, 2000
- Closed formation/forest - formations where trees in the various storeys
and the undergrowth cover a high proportion (>40 percent) of the ground
and do not have a continuous dense grass layer. They are either managed
or unmanaged forests, in advanced state of succession and may have been
logged –over
one or more times, having kept their characteristics of forest stands,
possibly with modified structure and composition.
Reference: Forest Resource Assessment, Food and Agriculture
Organization, 2000
- Open formation/forest - formations with discontinuous tree layer with
coverage of at least 10 percent and less than 40 percent. They are either
managed or unmanaged forests, in initial state of succession.
Reference: Forest Resource Assessment, Food and Agriculture
Organization, 2000
- Coniferous forest – forest with predominance (more than 75
percent of tree crown cover) of trees of coniferous species.
Reference: Forest Resource Assessment, Food and Agriculture
Organization, 2000
- Mixed forest - forest in which none of the species groups such as
conifer, broadleaved, bamboo and palm accounts for more than 75 percent
of the tree crown cover.
Reference: Forest Resource Assessment, Food and Agriculture
Organization, 2000
- Mossy forest – forest stand found principally on high elevations
and very rough mountainous regions characterized by steep ridges. The
trees are mostly dwarf with stems and branches usually covered by epiphytes
(moss) and dominated by Podocarpaceae, Myrtaceae, and Fagaceae.
Reference: Natural Forest Resources of the Philippines,
Philippines-German Forest Resources Inventory
Project Report, 1988
- Plantation forest - established by planting or/and seeding in the
process of afforestation or reforestation.
Reference: Forest Resource Assessment, Food and Agriculture
Organization, 2000
- Other wooded land - those lands either with a crown cover (or equivalent
stocking level) of 5-10 percent of trees able to reach a height of 5
meters at maturity; or a crown cover (or equivalent stocking level) of
more than 10 percent not able to reach a height of 5 meters at maturity,
e.g., dwarf or stunted trees; or with shrubs or bush cover of more than
10 percent.
Reference: Forest Resource Assessment, Food and Agriculture
Organization, 2000
- Fallow - refers to woody vegetation resulting from the clearing of
natural forest for shifting to agriculture. It is an intermediate class
between forest and non-forest land uses. Part of the area, which is not
under cultivation may have the appearance of a secondary forest.
Reference: Forest Resource Assessment, Food and Agriculture
Organization, 2000
- Shrubland - where the dominant woody vegetation are shrubs, generally
of more than 0.5 meter and less than 5 meter in height in maturity and
without a definite crown. The growth habit can be erect, spreading or prostate.
The height limits for trees and shrubs should be interpreted with flexibility,
particularly the minimum tree and maximum shrub height, which may vary
between 5 and 7 meters approximately.
Reference: Forest Resource Assessment, Food and Agriculture
Organization, 2000
- Wooded grassland - areas predominantly vegetated with grasses, such
as Imperata, Themeda, Saccharum and where the trees cover between 5 percent
to 10 percent of area and their height may reach 5 meters at maturity.
Reference: Forest Resource Assessment, Food and Agriculture
Organization, 2000
- Other land with tree cover - the land primarily not under forest
having more than 0.5 hectare with a canopy cover of more than 10 percent
of trees able to reach a height of 5 meters at maturity. It includes urban
parks and gardens.
Reference: Forest Resource Assessment, Food and Agriculture Organization,
2000
- Other land - land with tree cover less than 5 percent. It includes
agricultural land, pastures, built-up areas, bare areas, grasslands, etc..
Reference: Forest Resource Assessment, Food and Agriculture Organization,
2000
- Built-up area - composed of areas of intensive use with much of the
land covered by structures. It includes cities, towns, villages, strip
developments along highways, transportation, power, and communication facilities,
and areas occupied by mills, shopping centers, industrial and commercial
complexes, and institutions that may, in some instances, be isolated from
urban areas.
Reference: Food and Agriculture Organization, 2000
- Cultivated land - land not classified as forest or other wooded land
used by man for agriculture or pastures.
Reference: Forest Resource Assessment, Food and Agriculture Organization,
2000
- Annual cropland - land cultivated with crops with a growing cycle
under one year, which must be newly sown or planted for further production
after harvesting.
Reference: Food and Agriculture Organization, 2000
- Perennial cropland - land cultivated with long term crops that do
not have to be replanted for several years after each harvest; harvesting
components are not timber but fruits, latex and other products that do
not significantly harm the growth of the planted trees or shrubs; orchards,
vineyards and palm plantations, coffee, tea, sisal, banana, abaca, etc.
Reference: Food and Agriculture Organization, 2000
- Pastureland - land managed for raising livestock.
Reference: Food and Agriculture Organization, 2000
- Natural land - land not classified as forest or other wooded land
undisturbed by man.
Reference: Forest Resource Assessment, Food and Agriculture Organization,
2000
- Bare areas - land not covered by (semi-) natural or artificial cover.
These include, among others, sand dunes, riverwash, lahar-laden areas
and rocky or stony areas.
Reference: Forest Resource Assessment, Food and Agriculture Organization,
2000
- Grassland - areas predominantly vegetated with grasses such as Imperata,
Themeda, and Saccharum spp., among others.
Reference: Inter-Agency Task Force on Geographic Information Resolution
No. 1, Series of 1995
- Wetlands - areas of marsh, fen, peat land or water, whether natural
or artificial, permanent or temporary, with water that is static, flowing,
fresh, brackish or salt, including areas of marine water, the depth of
which at low tide does not exceed six meters.
Reference: Ramsar Convention on Wetlands, Article 1.1 as amended in 1982
and 1987, Ramsar, Iran, 1971
- Mangrove - forested wetland growing along tidal mudflats and along
shallow water coastal areas extending inland along rivers, streams and
their tributaries where the water is generally brackish and composed mainly
of Rhizopora, Bruguiera, Ceriops, Avicenia, Aegiceras, and Nipa species.
Reference: Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR) and Presidential
Decree No. 705 or the Revised Forestry Code, Section 3, May 19, 1975.
- Marshland - natural area usually dominated by grass-like plants such
as cat tails and sedges, which are rooted in bottom sediments but emerge
above the surface of the water. It contains emergence vegetation and
usually develops in zones progressing from terrestrial habitat to open
water.
Reference: Convention on Biological Diversity, Rio de Janeiro, June 2,
1992
- Inland water wetlands - bodies of water surrounded by land (e.g.
rivers, lakes, streams, mudflats, ponds/fishponds, dams and reservoirs).
Reference: Forest Resource Assessment, Food and Agriculture Organization,
2000
Annex-BR-12-2004-01:FDI-01
FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENTS
- Resident of an economy - an entity that has a center
of economic interest in the economic territory of a country usually indicated
by a one-year stay in that economy. The one-year period is suggested only
as a guideline and not as an inflexible rule.
References: 5th edition of
Balance of Payment Manual (BPM5) (International Monetary Fund);
Detailed Benchmark Definition of the Foreign Direct Investment (Organization
for Economic Cooperation and Development); and
Glossary of Foreign Direct Investment Terms (Survey of Implementation of
Methodological Standards for Direct Investment (SIMSDI)
1993 System of National Accounts
- Foreign Direct Investment – the category of international
investment made by a resident entity in one economy (direct investor) with
the objective of establishing/obtaining a lasting interest in an enterprise
resident in an economy other than that of the investor (direct investment
enterprise). ”Lasting
interest” implies the existence of a long-term relationship between
the direct investor and the enterprise and a significant degree of influence
by the direct investor on the management of the direct investment enterprise.
Direct investment involves both the initial transaction between the two
entities and all subsequent transactions between them and among affiliated
enterprises, both incorporated and unincorporated.
Reference: 5th edition
of Balance of Payment Manual (BPM5) (International Monetary Fund);
Detailed Benchmark Definition of the Foreign Direct Investment (Organization
for Economic Cooperation and Development); and
Glossary of Foreign Direct Investment Terms (Survey of Implementation
of Methodological Standards for Direct Investment (SIMSDI)
- Registered foreign direct investments - refer to original/initial
and additional paid-up capital investments and contributions by non-residents
as single proprietors as approved by the Department of Trade and Industry,
or as incorporators and/or stockholders in newly-registered and existing
domestic stock corporations and domestic partnerships as approved by
the Securities and Exchange Commission. These include acquisition of shares
in other SEC-registered companies by newly-registered and/or existing domestic
stock corporations and domestic partnerships and exclude inter-company
loans and statutory inward remittances and security deposits required from
foreign corporations or multinational firms that have been licensed to
operate in the Philippines.
Reference: Securities and Exchange Commission
RA 7042 or the Foreign Investment Act with its IRR as amended by RA 8179
- Approved foreign direct investment - represent the
amount of contribution or share of nonresidents in investment projects
within the Philippine economic territory as approved by investment promotion
agencies such as the Board of Investments, Philippine Economic Zone Authority,
Subic Bay Metropolitan Authority and the Clark Development Corporation,
and other government entities as may be created for the same purpose. Approved
foreign direct investments do not represent actual investments generated
but rather investment commitments, which may or may not be realized immediately
or in the future. These consist of equity, loans and reinvested earnings.
Reference:
Consolidated FDI Quarterly Reports (NSCB and Inter-Agency Committee on
Foreign Direct Investment Statistics)
- Foreign Direct Investment in the Philippines Balance
of Payments - all equity investments by nonresidents in the
Philippines, except equity securities transacted through the stock exchange
that do not exceed 10 percent of the total shares of the resident enterprise.
It is assumed that a nonresident investor has a significant influence
in management and expresses lasting interest in or relationship with
the resident enterprise in which they invest. These include the following
major investment:
5.
1 Foreign Equity Capital – comprises: (i) equity
in branches; (ii) all shares in subsidiaries and associates (except
nonparticipating, preferred shares that are treated as debt securities
and included under direct investment, other capital); and (iii) other
capital contributions of foreign investors in a direct investment enterprise.
5.2 Reinvested earnings
and undistributed branch profits of foreign direct investment enterprises -
comprised of foreign direct investors’ shares
in proportion to equity held, of earnings that foreign subsidiaries
and associated enterprises do not distribute as dividends (reinvested
earnings), and earnings that branches and other unincorporated enterprises
do not remit to foreign direct investors (undistributed branch profits).
5
.3 Other foreign direct investment capital - covers
the borrowing or lending of funds between foreign direct investors and
subsidiaries, branches, and associates - including debt securities, suppliers’ credit,
and nonparticipating, preferred shares (which are treated as debt securities).
Reference:
5th edition of Balance of Payment Manual (BPM5), International Monetary
Fund;
1993 System of National Accounts
Detailed Benchmark Definition of the Foreign Direct Investment, Organization
for Economic Cooperation and Development); and
Glossary of Foreign Direct Investment Terms, Survey of Implementation
of Methodological Standards for Direct Investment (SIMSDI)
1993 System of National Accounts
- Direct investment enterprise in the Philippines
Balance of Payments - an incorporated enterprise in which
a foreign investor owns 10 percent or more of the ordinary shares or
voting power for an incorporated enterprise or an unincorporated enterprise
in which a foreign investor has equivalent ownership. Ownership of 10
percent of the ordinary shares or voting stock is the guideline for determining
the existence of a direct investment relationship. An “effective
voice in the management”, as evidenced by an
ownership of at least 10 percent, implies that the direct investor is able
to influence, or participate in, the management of an enterprise; absolute
control by the foreign investor is not required.
Reference: 5th edition
of Balance of Payment Manual (BPM5), International Monetary Fund
1993 System of National Accounts
Annex-BR-12-2004-01:TOU-02*
TOURISM
- Tour – refers to any arranged journey intended
for purposes of tourism to one or more places and back to the point of
origin. The arranged journey may not necessarily be pre-paid.
Reference: A Glossary of Selected Tourism Terms,
1980
Prepared by the Technical Working Group (TWG) on Tourism of the NEDA Inter-agency
Committee (IAC) on Trade and Tourism and the Asian Institute of Tourism
(AIT), University of the Philippines (UP)
- Tour Operator – refers to entities engaged in
the business of extending/selling travel services (e.g., arrangements and
bookings for transportation and/or accommodation; handling and/or conduct
of inbound tours) to individuals or groups for a fee, commission, or any
form of compensation.
Reference: DOT Rules and Regulations to Govern
the Accreditation of Travel and Tour Services, 1992;
Tourism Satellite Account: Methodological Reference, 2000 (WTO) paragraph
3.46, page 41; and
International Tourism: Global Perspective (WTO) 1st edition: October 1997,
page 389
- Tour Guide – pertains to an individual who guides
visitors for a fee, commission, or any form of lawful remuneration or a
personnel from a government or private entity who performs the above function
without fee or remuneration.
Reference: Principles of Tourism, Part I – 1999,
Zenaida L. Cruz, Ph.D.
- Travel agency – refers to entities qualified
to sell tours, cruises, transportation, hotel accommodations, meals, transfers,
sightseeing and all other elements of travel to visitors in a certain geographic
area at a certain moment in time and within certain conditions. The agency
acts as a broker, bringing the buyer and seller together. They do not substitute
the service-providing unit, but play the role of providing information
and access to the visitor and are the middlemen in the purchase of certain
services.
Reference: Tourism Satellite Account: Methodological
Reference, 2000 (WTO) paragraph 3.37, page 40;
International Tourism: Global Perspective (WTO) 1st edition: October
1997, page 389; and
Principles of Tourism, Part I – 1999, Zenaida L. Cruz, Ph.D.
- Group Tour – a number of people traveling together
following an itinerary organized by a private entity such as tour operator
or travel agency or by a government institution.
Reference: A Glossary of Selected Tourism Terms, 1980
Prepared by the Technical Working Group (TWG) on Tourism of the NEDA
Inter-agency Committee (IAC) on Trade and Tourism and the Asian Institute
of Tourism (AIT), University of the Philippines (UP)
- Guided Tour – a tour conducted for tourism purposes
by a tour guide.
Reference: A Glossary of Selected Tourism Terms, 1980
Prepared by the Technical Working Group (TWG) on Tourism of the NEDA
Inter-agency Committee (IAC) on Trade and Tourism and the Asian Institute
of Tourism (AIT), University of the Philippines (UP)
- Package Tour – refers
to a set of products and services offered to the visitors that is composed
of varieties of tourism characteristic products (such as transport, accommodation,
food services, recreation, etc.). The component of a package tour might
be pre-established, or can result from an "a la carte" procedure
where the visitor decides the combination of products/services he/she wishes
to acquire. This can be synonymously used with "package travel and/or
package holiday".
Reference: Tourism Satellite Account: Methodological
Reference, 2000 (WTO) paragraphs 2.74 and 3.46 on pages 30 and 41, respectively;
International Tourism: Global Perspective (WTO) 1st edition: October 1997,
page 386; and
DOT Rules and Regulations to Govern the Accreditation of Travel and Tours,
1992
* Addendum to NSCB Board Resolution
No. 11-003 Annex-BR-11-2003-01 page 7
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