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ARE WE READY FOR ASEAN INTEGRATION?
by Dr. Romulo A. Virola¹

Last week, President Aquino went to Vladivostok, Russia to participate in the 2012 Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) Leaders Meeting.  The APEC 2012 priorities were to cover: i) trade and investment liberalization, regional economic integration; ii) strengthening food security; iii) establishing reliable supply chains; and iv) intensive cooperation to foster innovative growth.²  Part of the President’s agenda would have been a one-on-one meeting with President Hu Jintao of China, but you know what? The two leaders had “scheduling problems,” so the meeting did not take place.  Even if they were not supposed to discuss Scarborough. Such subtleties of diplomacy!

Within the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), in case
you did not know or remember, regional economic integration by 2015 is the major agenda! Among others, trade is expected to be facilitated and regional cooperation is expected to be strengthened. The European Union had been a model for the ASEAN integration, but with the financial woes now cracking the  Eurozone, the integration strategies certainly need a reexamination.
And so a big challenge it will be for our very own Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD) Undersecretary Alicia Bala, who has just been appointed as a deputy secretary general of the ASEAN Secretariat for three years from 8 September 2012 t0 7 September 2015³.  USec. Bala has been
a very active and supportive partner⁴ in the Philippine Statistical System and we are confident Alice will do us proud in the ASEAN! Congratulations, USec. Bala! 

In the meantime, are we in the ASEAN ready for the integration? In particular, what have we in the Philippines done to prepare ourselves? Will we be able to stand up, or will we wobble amidst the many challenges and opportunities that come with integration? Three years before the ASEAN integration (and Millennium Development Goal (MDG) reckoning) in 2015, it would be good to do some benchmarking. Where do we stand compared to our ASEAN brothers and sisters?

In September 2004, Statistically Speaking featured the article, “The ASEAN – Where Do We Stand? Or Wobble?”.  It reported that the Philippines was somewhere in the middle among the 10 ASEAN countries for most indicators –  “about kulelat among the original ASEAN members (Indonesia, Thailand, Malaysia, Singapore and the Philippines) but still generally ahead of the Plus Five (Myanmar, Brunei, Lao PDR, Cambodia and Vietnam).”  The said article promised that, “six years from now, we will find out if we could walk straight or if our feet continued to wobble and our minds had started to boggle.”  Indeed, in 2010 during the 11th National Convention on Statistics, the lead author of this month’s article  co-wrote a related paper with Dir. Candido J. Astrologo, Jr. and Ms. Patricia Rivera⁵. Lest we forget that ASEAN integration will usher in cooperation as well as competition, another update will be helpful to remind us that we have to work hard to reap the benefits of our economic integration towards a cohesive ASEAN Socio-Cultural Community. And time is running very short! 

For the 2012 update, available data from different sources including the United Nations, International Telecommunications Union, and the ASEAN Secretariat were used.  It must be reiterated, however, that the methodologies used in compiling these data are usually different from those used for official statistics. Because international bodies  generate their datasets with international comparability as a primary consideration.

So, where do we stand compared to our ASEAN neighbors?

 

First, the good news …

 

In terms of annual growth rates of GDP and GDP per capita, from 2nd lowest in 2002-2004,  the Philippines moved up to 5th highest in 2005-2010. (Table 1)

 

 

 

The Philippine fiscal deficit as a percentage of GDP has gone down from 5.4% in 2002 to 3.9% in 2009. And the 2012 number could look even better. (Table 1)

 

 

 

We have managed to reduce the pupil-teacher ratio from 35 in 2002 to 31 in 2009 for primary education, and from 38 in 2002 to 35 in 2009 for secondary education. (Table 5)

 

 

Our adult literacy rate remains the highest in ASEAN! (Table 3)

 

 

 

The not-so-good news…

 

The Philippines continues to have the 3rd highest population growth rate among 10 ASEAN countries. Between 2005 and 2011, Thailand had the lowest annual population growth rate, while the highest population growth happened, would you believe, in Singapore? (Table 1)

 

On tourist arrivals, the Philippines continues to record the 6th highest (or 5th lowest) between 2002 and 2011. We certainly gained grounds with the inclusion of the Puerto Princesa Underground River among the New 7 Wonders of Nature and with that beautiful shot of Coron towards the end of, I hope you watched it,  Bourne Legacy. But we have to work even harder to convince the rest of the world that indeed, it’s more fun in the Philippines! And of course, let us convince our fellow Filipinos. But first, couldn’t we make local tourism less expensive? (Table 1)

 

The country’s teaching staff in primary education was 2nd highest in the Region between 2002 and 2010, next only to Indonesia.  However, in secondary education, the teaching staff in the Philippines between 2002 and 2009 was on the average, only 4th highest in the Region, behind Indonesia, Vietnam, and Thailand. (Table 2)

In terms of gross enrolment ratio between 2002 and 2009, the story is reversed.  The Philippines ranked, on the average, 6th highest (or 5th lowest) in primary education but 2nd highest in secondary education, behind Brunei Darussalam. (Table 2)

In terms of net enrolment ratio during the same period, the Philippines maintained its ranking as 4th highest both in primary and secondary education. (Table 2)

 

In terms of the human development index (HDI), the Philippines consistently ranked 5th highest behind Singapore, Brunei Darussalam, Malaysia, and Thailand. But the 6th placed-country, Indonesia, is closing in on us! (Table 3)

 

Our maternal mortality ratio and under-five mortality ratio consistently ranked 5th lowest (or 6th highest).  (Table 3)

 

 

And boy, oh boy, the bad news…

In 2002, we had the 5th highest per capita GDP in current US $. By 2010, we had been overtaken by Indonesia, with Vietnam right behind us.  However, the ratio of our per capita GDP to that of Vietnam had been eroded from 2.32 in 2002 to 1.81 in 2010. Yes, indeed, the Vietnamese are coming! (Table 1)

 

In terms of annual growth rates of merchandise exports, from 4th lowest between 2002-2004, we went down to bottom during the period 2005-2010. In fact, while in 2004 we exported about one-and-a-half times that by Vietnam, in 2009, it was Vietnam that exported one-and-a-half times our exports. (Table 1)

View Motion Bubble Chart below

 

Between 2002-2004 and 2005-2010, the Philippines remains to post the 2nd slowest annual growth rate in foreign direct investments inflow. In terms of levels, we are ahead only of Myanmar, Cambodia, LaoPDR, and Brunei Darussalam! Hopefully, when the 2012 data all come in, our position would look better! (Table 1)

 

From 2002 to 2008, the Philippine unemployment rate was either highest or second highest (after Indonesia) in the Region. Job creation, indeed, needs to be addressed. When we looked at the income and expenditures of LGUs ⁶, we pointed to the enormous savings of many of the cities, municipalities, and provinces. Why couldn’t we use those savings to generate employment? (Table 1)

 

 

While our relative standing as a tourist destination in ASEAN remains the same (6th in 2002, 6th in 2011), ahead of Cambodia (7th in 2011) but behind Vietnam (5th in 2011), our edge over Cambodia has gone down and we have slid farther away from Vietnam. We used to receive about two-and-a-half times the tourists in Cambodia and three-fourths the tourists in Vietnam. Now, it is down to one-and-a-half times and two-thirds, respectively. (Table 1)

Our standing in terms of life expectancy slipped down one rank, from 6th highest in 2000 and 2005-2007  to 7th highest (or 4th lowest) in 2008-2011. Good thing we still have Assistant Secretary Eric Tayag at the Department of Health! For a medical doctor, Eric’s knowledge of and appreciation for statistics are truly impressive and we could only wish that he would remain in government forever. (Table 3)

 

We may be the “texting capital of the world,” but in terms of mobile cellular subscriptions per 100 individuals, the Philippine ranking has been slowly, surely slipping away – from 4th highest in 2002, down to 5th highest between 2003 and 2007, 6th highest (or 5th lowest) in 2008-2009, and 7th highest (or 4th lowest) in 2010-2011. (Table 4)

Further, in terms of fixed telephone subscriptions per 100 individuals, the Philippines ranked on the average, 6th highest (or 5th lowest) between 2002 and 2004;  but this went down to, on the average, 7th highest  between 2005 and 2011. (Table 4)

Likewise, in terms of fixed internet subscriptions per 100 individuals, while the Philippines ranked on the average, 4th highest between 2002 and 2004, between 2005 and 2009, the Philippines went down to, on the average, 5th highest. (Table 4)

 

 

And while we have reduced the pupil load of our teachers from 2002 to 2009 in both primary and secondary education, the reduction we gained was not as fast as in countries behind us (Cambodia) nor in countries already ahead of us (Vietnam). (Table 5)

 

 

 

We have the 2nd highest gross enrolment ratio in secondary education but we only have the 4th highest number of teaching staff. (Table 2) This may reflect on the quality of our secondary education and with K to 12 now in place, we would need even more teachers. The Department of Budget and Management (DBM) and the Department of Education (DepEd) had better be serious, very serious, about the hiring of those 60,000 new teachers to keep the student-classroom ratio to the desired levels of 25 from kindergarten to Grade 2 and 45 from Grade 3 to high school.  In the good old days, the numbers seemed smaller, so maybe we should consider hiring even more of those noble teachers.  And if we could exempt employees working in government corporations from the standardization law, why oh why, couldn’t we pay our overworked teachers a lot more? If only to stop the Filipino diaspora that has incurred so much social cost to our children who have been left behind by their parents to work abroad!

 

ASEAN INTEGRATION CHALLENGE

 

Statistics show that there are more bad news than good news!  Eight years ago, we wrote how wobbly we were compared to our ASEAN neighbors. Sadly, based on the statistics presented, the Philippines appears  to be even more  wobbly. But let us not lose hope.   Last month, Statistically Speaking referred to the world expectation on the emergence of TIP and  N11⁷, where P in TIP stands for the Philippines and the Philippines is part of N11 as well.  And just last week, the Philippines gained 10 notches in global competitiveness ranking, jumping to 65th out of 144 countries, up from  last year’s 75th.⁸  Yes, we can win victories and we will win victories. But only if we work hard. Together! Only if we succeed in designing strategies to convert our weaknesses into strengths.  We have lost Sec. Robredo and the entire nation mourned; but we have many more good men and women in government.

 

 

Meanwhile, Statistically Speaking had written⁹ about the decline in marriage rate among Pinoys, possibly because of the increasing cost of tying the knot. Yes, inviting all your friends when getting married has become quite expensive!  But do you know that among the 44 Presidents the US has had¹⁰, 9 of them were single while in the White House¹¹, though many were widowers? Only one was single when elected and remained single while serving his term as President – James Buchanan, the 15th US President¹². We, of course, have a bachelor president in PNoy whose rating has gone significantly up according to the Social Weather Stations (SWS). 

Happy 112th Anniversary to the Civil Service Commission!

 

Reactions and views are welcome thru email to the author at ravirola@yahoo.com

________________________________

¹ Invited author and former Secretary General of the National Statistical Coordination Board (NSCB). He holds a Ph. D. in Statistics from the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor, U.S.A. and taught mathematics and statistics at the University of the Philippines. He is also a past president of the Philippine Statistical Association. This article was co-written by Ms. Jessamyn O. Encarnacion, Mr. Gerald Junne L. Clariño, and Mr. Priscille C. Villanueva, Director, Statistical Coordination Officer (SCO) I, and SCO I, respectively, of the NSCB. The authors thank Noel S. Nepomuceno, Candido J. Astrologo, Jr., Albert A. Garcia, Gerald A. Virola, Simonette M. Nisperos, Edwin U. Aragon, and Sonny U. Gutierrez, for the assistance in the preparation of the article. The views expressed in the article are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the NSCB.

² http://www.apec2012.ru/docs/about/apec2012.html

³ USec. Bala will serve on secondment status from the DSWD. http://www.dswd.gov.ph/2012/09/usec-bala/

⁴ USec. Bala is a member of the NSCB Executive Board and of  the NSCB Technical Committee on Poverty Statistics. She was also Chairperson of the Adhoc Working Group on the Chapter on Social Protection Statistics of the Philippine Statistical Development Program 2011-2017.

⁵ Virola, Romulo A., Astrologo, Candido J., and Rivera, Patricia. Disturbing Statistics: The Philippines Compared to Our ASEAN Neighbors. 11th National Convention on Statistics. National Statistical Coordination Board. October 2010. (http://www.nscb.gov.ph/ncs/11thNCS/papers/contributed%20papers/cps-02/02_Disturbing%20Statistics_the%20Philippines%20Compared%20to%20our%20ASEAN%20Neighbors.pdf)

⁶ http://www.nscb.gov.ph/headlines/StatSpeak/2012/051412_rav_topcities2.asp; www.nscb.gov.ph/StatSpeak/2010/101110_rav_gjlc_pv_topmunicipalites.asp

⁷ http://www.nscb.gov.ph/headlines/StatsSpeak/2012/081312_rav_sae.asp

⁸ http://business.inquirer.net/80506/ph-climbs-10-notches-to-65th-in-wef-competitiveness-ranking

⁹ http://www.nscb.gov.ph/headlnes/StatSpeak/2008/021108_lvc_marriage.asp

¹⁰ http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/presidents

¹¹ http://news.yahoo.com/video/whoknew-19124225/white-house-singles-how-many-us-presidents-have-been-single-while-in-the-white-house-30396110.html

¹² http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/presidents/jamesbuchanan

 

 

Figure 1. Motion Bubble Chart
(How to use the Motion Bubble Chart)

"Select Philippines and Vietnam from the bottom right of the chart to view how the latter is catching up with the Philippines."

• Press the play button () above to view the animation.
• How to use the Motion Bubble Chart

 

 

 

Table 1. Some macroeconomic indicators of ASEAN countries

Country	Population (in thousand) 1/										Annualized population growth rate
	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2002-2004	Rank	2005-2011	Rank
Brunei Darussalam	342	349	356	363	370	378	385	392	399	406	2.08	2	1.88	2
Cambodia	12,845	13,024	13,194	13,358	13,516	13,670	13,823	13,978	14,138	14,305	1.35	6	1.15	6
Indonesia	219,026	221,839	224,607	227,303	229,919	232,462	234,951	237,414	239,871	242,326	1.27	7	1.07	8
Lao PDR	5,497	5,582	5,667	5,753	5,842	5,931	6,022	6,112	6,201	6,288	1.54	5	1.49	5
Malaysia	24,515	25,060	25,590	26,100	26,586	27,051	27,502	27,949	28,401	28,859	2.17	1	1.69	4
Myanmar	45,609	45,844	46,070	46,321	46,605	46,916	47,250	47,601	47,963	48,337	0.50	10	0.71	9
Philippines	80,630	82,294	83,937	85,546	87,116	88,653	90,173	91,703	93,261	94,852	2.03	3	1.74	3
Singapore	4,032	4,086	4,160	4,266	4,410	4,585	4,772	4,946	5,086	5,188	1.57	4	3.31	1
Thailand	64,643	65,370	66,060	66,698	67,276	67,796	68,268	68,706	69,122	69,519	1.09	8	0.69	10
Viet Nam	80,501	81,377	82,263	83,161	84,076	85,007	85,952	86,901	87,848	88,792	1.09	9	1.10	7

 

Country	Gross Domestic Product (GDP) at current prices (in US$ million) 3/									Rank a/									Annualized GDP growth rate
	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2002-2004	Rank	2005-2010	Rank
Brunei Darussalam	5,843	6,557	7,872	; 9,531	11,470	12,247	14,394	10,733	13,024	8	8	8	8	8	8	8	8	8	16.1	2	6.4	10
Cambodia	4,289	4,665	5,338	6,293	7,275	8,639	10,352	10,402	11,272	9	9	9	9	9	9	9	9	9	11.6	6	12.4	7
Indonesia	195,661	234,772	256,837	285,869	364,571	432,216	510,229	539,356	707,448	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	14.6	3	19.9	2
Lao PDR	1,746	2,031	2,397	2,739	3,325	4,214	5,285	5,585	6,496	10	10	10	10	10	10	10	10	10	17.2	1	18.8	3
Malaysia	100,846	110,202	124,749	137,954	156,601	186,774	222,574	192,917	237,797	3	3	3	3	3	3	3	3	3	11.2	8	11.5	9
Myanmar	10,369	9,925	10,254	11,931	13,852	18,233	25,859	32,805	42,027	7	7	7	7	7	7	7	7	7	-0.6	10	28.6	1
Philippines	81,358	83,908	91,371	103,072	122,211	149,360	174,195	168,335	199,591	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	6.0	9	14.1	5
Singapore	90,640	95,957	112,697	125,429	145,332	177,329	189,384	183,332	222,699	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	11.5	7	12.2	8
Thailand	126,877	142,640	161,340	176,352	207,089	246,977	272,578	263,711	318,850	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	12.8	5	12.6	6
Viet Nam	35,064	39,553	45,428	52,917	60,913	71,016	91,094	97,180	103,902	6	6	6	6	6	6	6	6	6	13.8	4	14.4	4

* Still no data for 2011

Country	GDP Per Capita at current prices (in US$)									Rank a/									Annualized GDP per capita growth rate
	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2002-2004	Rank	2005-2010	Rank
Brunei Darussalam	17,107	18,801	22,116	26,249	30,975	32,442	37,415	27,391	32,648	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	13.7	2	4.5	10
Cambodia	334	358	405	471	538	632	749	744	797	8	9	9	9	9	9	9	9	10	10.1	6	11.1	7
Indonesia	893	1,058	1,143	1,258	1,586	1,859	2,172	2,272	2,949	6	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	13.1	3	18.6	2
Lao PDR	318	364	423	476	569	710	878	914	1,048	9	8	8	8	8	8	8	8	8	15.4	1	17.1	3
Malaysia	4,114	4,398	4,875	5,286	5,890	6,904	8,093	6,902	8,373	3	3	3	3	3	3	3	3	3	8.9	8	9.6	8
Myanmar	227	216	223	258	297	389	547	689	876	10	10	10	10	10	10	10	10	9	-1.1	10	27.7	1
Philippines	1,009	1,020	1,089	1,205	1,403	1,685	1,932	1,836	2,140	5	6	6	6	6	6	6	6	6	3.9	9	12.2	5
Singapore	22,479	23,484	27,090	29,402	32,955	38,677	39,685	37,069	43,783	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	9.8	7	8.3	9
Thailand	1,963	2,182	2,442	2,644	3,078	3,643	3,993	3,838	4,613	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	11.5	5	11.8	6
Viet Nam	436	486	552	636	725	835	1,060	1,118	1,183	7	7	7	7	7	7	7	7	7	12.6	4	13.2	4

* Still no data for 2011

Country	Merchandise Exports (in US$ million)								Rank a/								Annualized growth rate of exports
	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2002-2004	Rank	2005-2009	Rank
Brunei Darussalam	2,690.9	3,211.1	5,062.3	6,369.3	7,619.4	7,653.2	8,754.2	7,168.6	6	7	7	7	7	7	7	7	37.2	1	2.4	8
Cambodia	1,916.1	2,115.7	2,506.3	3,091.5	3,514.4	3,905.5	4,249.2	4,985.8	8	8	8	9	9	9	9	9	14.4	5	10.0	4
Indonesia	57,158.8	61,058.2	71,584.6	85,660.0	100,798.6	114,100.9	137,020.4	116,510.0	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	11.9	6	6.3	6
Lao PDR	no data	143.9	106.4	174.1	402.7	381.9	827.7	1,237.2	n.a.	9	10	10	10	10	10	10	n.a.	n.a.	48.0	1
Malaysia	93,277.2	104,982.7	126,510.6	140,470.5	157,226.9	176,205.6	194,495.9	156,890.9	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	16.5	4	2.2	9
Myanmar	2,452.2	4,463.8	1,987.7	3,123.8	3,514.8	5,933.4	6,620.6	6,341.5	7	6	9	8	8	8	8	8	-10.0	8	15.2	2
Philippines	35,208.2	36,231.2	39,680.5	41,254.7	47,410.1	50,465.7	49,025.5	38,334.7	5	5	5	5	5	5	6	6	6.2	7	-1.5	10
Singapore	125,042.7	159,900.1	198,553.5	229,804.1	271,607.9	299,297.4	241,404.7	269,832.5	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	26.0	2	3.3	7
Thailand	66,108.2	80,450.1	97,361.4	109,622.6	121,579.5	153,571.1	174,966.7	152,497.2	3	3	3	3	3	3	3	3	21.4	3	6.8	5
Viet Nam	no data	no data	26,015.9	28,576.5	37,033.7	48,288.9	61,777.8	56,691.0	n.a.	n.a.	6	6	6	6	5	5	n.a.	n.a.	14.7	3

* Still no data for 2010 and 2011

Country	Merchandise Imports (in US$ million)								Rank a/								Annualized growth rate of imports
	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2002-2004	Rank	2005-2009	Rank
Brunei Darussalam	1,600.4	1,351.9	1,514.4	1,503.1	1,488.9	2,096.7	3,106.0	2,399.6	7	8	9	9	9	9	9	9	-2.7	6	9.8	5
Cambodia	1,664.8	2,906.4	2,004.5	2,824.7	2,923.0	3,675.1	4,476.3	3,900.9	6	6	7	7	7	7	7	7	9.7	5	6.7	6
Indonesia	31,288.9	32,550.7	46,524.5	57,700.9	61,065.5	74,473.4	129,197.3	96,829.2	4	5	4	4	4	4	4	4	21.9	2	10.9	4
Lao PDR	no data	338.1	504.7	701.8	587.5	711.1	1,803.2	1,725.0	n.a.	9	10	10	10	10	10	10	n.a.	n.a.	19.7	1
Malaysia	78,797.8	83,519.2	105,283.4	114,213.1	128,316.1	146,910.3	144,298.8	123,330.5	1	2	2	3	2	2	3	3	15.6	3	1.5	9
Myanmar	2,118.1	1,843.3	1,933.0	1,632.9	2,115.5	2,789.1	3,794.9	3,849.9	5	7	8	8	8	8	8	8	-4.5	7	18.7	2
Philippines	35,426.5	37,496.5	44,039.2	47,418.2	51,773.7	55,513.7	56,645.6	45,533.9	3	4	5	5	5	6	6	6	11.5	4	-0.8	10
Singapore	116.336.4	136,216.3	173,541.7	200,162.8	238,482.0	263,154.9	230,760.3	245,784.7	n.a.	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	n.a.	n.a.	4.2	7
Thailand	62,729.9	75,759.4	95,304.8	117,990.9	127,108.8	139,965.7	177,567.5	133,769.6	2	3	3	2	3	3	2	2	23.3	1	2.5	8
Viet Nam	no data	no data	31,828.4	32,593.9	40,236.8	61,693.6	79,579.2	69,230.9	n.a.	n.a.	6	6	6	5	5	5	n.a.	n.a.	16.3	3

* Still no data for 2010 and 2011

Country	Foreign direct investments infow (in US$ million) 2/									Rank a/									Annualized growth rate of FDI inflow
	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010 p/	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2002-2004	Rank	2005-2010	Rank
Brunei Darussalam	1,035.30	3,123.00	212	288.5	433.5	260.2	239.2	369.7	247.9	6	3	8	8	8	9	9	9	8	-54.7	10	-3.0	4
Cambodia	145.1	84	131.4	381.2	483.2	867.3	815.2	530.2	313.5	8	8	9	7	7	7	7	8	7	-4.8	7	-3.8	5
Indonesia	144.9	-596.1	1,894.50	8,336.00	4,913.80	6,928.30	8,339.80	4,876.8	6,243.9	9	10	4	2	4	4	3	4	2	261.6	1	-5.6	7
Lao PDR	25.4	19.5	16.9	27.7	187.4	323.5	227.8	318.6	100.6	10	9	10	10	10	8	10	10	9	-18.4	8	29.4	1
Malaysia	3,203.40	2,473.20	4,623.90	4,063.60	6,059.70	8,401.20	8,053.00	1,381.0	3,313.0	3	4	3	4	3	3	4	6	5	20.1	4	-4.0	6
Myanmar	191.4	291.2	251.1	235.9	427.8	257.7	714.8	578.6	no data	7	7	7	9	9	10	8	7	n.a.	14.5	6	n.a.	n.a.
Philippines	1,542.00	490.8	688	1,854.00	2,921.00	2,916.00	1,520.00	1,948.0	732.0	4	6	6	6	5	6	6	5	6	-33.2	9	-17.0	9
Singapore	7,200.00	11,664.00	20,052.20	14,373.20	27,681.10	31,550.30	22,801.80	16,808.9	17,341.0	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	66.9	2	3.8	3
Thailand	3,335.00	5,235.00	5,862.00	8,048.10	9,459.60	11,238.10	9,834.50	4,975.6	3,511.8	2	2	2	3	2	2	2	3	4	32.6	3	-15.3	8
Viet Nam	1,200.10	1,450.10	1,610.10	2,020.80	2,400.00	6,739.00	8,050.00	7,600.0	4,310.0	5	5	5	5	6	5	5	2	3	15.8	5	16.4	2

* Still no data for 2011

Country	Unemployment rate 2/							Rank a/
	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008
Brunei Darussalam	3.5	4.4	3.5	4.1	4.0	3.4	3.7	4	5	4	6	4	3	4
Cambodia	1.4	1.1	0.8	0.8	no data	no data	no data	1	1	1	1	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.
Indonesia	9.1	9.6	9.9	10.3	10.3	9.1	8.4	9	9	8	10	8	8	7
Lao PDR	5.0	5.1	no data	1.3	no data	no data	no data	6	6	n.a.	2	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.
Malaysia	3.5	3.6	3.5	3.5	3.3	3.2	3.6	4	3	4	4	2	2	3
Myanmar	4.0	4.0	4.0	4.0	4.0	4.0	no data	5	4	5	5	4	5	n.a.
Philippines 4/	10.2	10.2	11.0	7.5	7.4	6.2	6.8	10	10	9	9	7	7	6
Singapore	5.6	5.9	5.8	5.6	4.5	4.0	3.2	7	8	7	8	5	5	2
Thailand	2.4	2.2	2.1	1.8	1.5	1.4	1.4	2	2	2	3	1	1	1
Viet Nam	6.0	5.8	5.6	5.3	4.8	4.6	4.7	8	7	6	7	6	6	5

* Still no data for 2009 to 2011

Country	Fiscal balance (government surplus/deficit) as percent of gross domestic product 2/								Rank a/
	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009
Brunei Darussalam	-3.6	8.0	9.7	18.7	22.0	15.0	32.7	-0.4	5	1	1	1	1	1	1	3
Cambodia	-3.7	-3.6	-2.2	1.1	-1.5	0.6	0.1	2.4	6	6	6	2	6	3	4	1
Indonesia	-1.6	-1.7	-1.3	-0.5	-1.0	-1.4	0.7	-0.6	3	4	4	4	4	5	3	4
Lao PDR	-4.2	-4.4	-2.6	-4.5	-3.7	-2.6	-0.4	no data	7	7	7	9	9	8	5	n.a.
Malaysia	-5.6	-5.3	-4.1	-3.6	-3.3	-3.2	-4.8	-2.8	9	9	9	8	8	9	9	5
Myanmar	no data	no data	no data	no data	no data	no data	no data	no data	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.
Philippines	-5.4	-4.6	-3.8	-2.7	-1.0	0.2	-0.9	-3.9	8	8	8	7	& 5	4	6	6
Singapore	-1.1	-1.6	-1.1	-0.3	0.5	3.2	1.5	-0.3	1	3	3	3	3	2	2	2
Thailand	-1.4	0.4	0.1	-0.6	2.3	-1.7	-1.1	-4.4	2	2	2	5	2	6	7	7
Viet Nam	-2.4	-2.8	-1.7	-1.6	-1.8	-2.2	-2.1	-4.6	4	5	5	6	7	7	8	8

* Still no data for 2010 to 2011

Country	Tourist arrivals (in thousand) 2/										Rank a/
	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011
Brunei Darussalam b/	891	944	119	127	158	179	226	157	214	242	7	7	10	10	10	10	10	10	10	10
Cambodia	787	701	1,055	1,422	1,700	2,015	2,125	2,162	2,508	2,882	8	8	7	7	7	7	7	7	8	7
Indonesia	4,914	4,371	5,321	5,002	4,871	5,506	6,429	6,324	7,003	7,650	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4
Lao PDR	736	636	895	1,095	1,215	1,624	2,005	2,008	2,513	2,724	9	9	8	8	8	8	8	8	7	8
Malaysia	13,292	10,577	15,703	16,431	18,472	20,236	22,052	23,646	24,577	24,714	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1
Myanmar	217	597	657	660	653	732	661	763	792	816	10	10	9	9	9	9	9	9	9	9
Philippines	1,933	1,907	2,291	2,623	2,688	3,092	3,139	3,017	3,520	3,917	6	6	6	6	6	6	6	6	6	6
Singapore	7,567	6,127	8,375	8,942	9,752	10,288	10,116	9,681	11,639	13,171	3	3	3	3	3	3	3	3	3	3
Thailand	10,799	10,082	11,737	11,517	13,822	14,464	14,597	14,150	15,936	19,098	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2
Viet Nam	2,628	2,429	2,928	3,468	3,583	4,150	4,254	3,772	5,050	6,014	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5

Notes:
a/ 1=highest/best, 10=lowest/worst
b/ Starting 2004, Brunei Darussalam implemented new methodology in collecting tourist arrival data
p/ preliminary
No data means that the information for the country is not available for the year.
n.a. (not applicable) means that the given country was not considered in the ranking due to the unavailability of data.

Sources of basic data:
1/ United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, http://esa.un.org/wpp/index.htm
2/ ASEAN Statistical Yearbook 2008, 2010, http://www.aseansec.org/22109.htm
3/ United Nations Statistics Division, http://unstats.un.org/unsd/snaama/dnllist.asp
4/ The 2002-2004 data is based on the definition provided in the Resolution No. 9, Series of 1985, issued by the then Statistical Advisory Board under NEDA while the 2005-2008 data is based on NSCB Board Resolution No. 15-2004 on the Adoption of New Definition of Unemployment.

 

Table 2. Some education indicators of ASEAN countries

A. Number of teaching staff in primary and secondary education

Country	Teaching Staff in Primary Education									Rank a/
	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010
Brunei Darussalam	3,536	3,775	4,263	4,548	3,683	3,628	3,595	3,739	3,896	9	9	8	8	9	10	9	8	6
Cambodia	48,476	49,293	50,186	50,654	51,212	48,736	48,223	46,658	46,905	7	7	6	6	7	7	6	6	4
Indonesia	1,383,914	1,431,486	1,447,984	1,427,974	1,427,583	1,583,589	1,687,371	1,799,973	1,899,946	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1
Lao PDR	28,545	28,571	28,150	28,299	28,741	29,604	29,541	no data	31,782	8	8	7	7	8	8	7	n.a.	5
Malaysia	159,041	174,504	180,682	189,521	198,988	205,772	209,850	226,467	no data	5	5	4	4	5.0	5.0	4.0	4.0	n.a.
Myanmar	146,747	149,001	154,151	160,110	166,195	172,209	177,331	179,268	181,666	6	6	5	5	6	6	5	5	3
Philippines	362,431	371,384	376,988	373,035	375,978	390,432	no data	435,385	no data	2	2	2	2	2	2		2	n.a.
Singapore	no data	no data	no data	no data	no data	14,743	15,525	16,893	no data	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	9.0	8.0	7.0	n.a.
Thailand	317,278	314,186	no data	no data	319,916	321,930	347,959	no data	no data	4	4	n.a.	n.a.	4	4	2	n.a.	n.a.
Viet Nam	354,624	358,606	362,627	360,624	353,608	344,547	344,853	345,505	347,840	3	3	3	3	3	3	3	3	2

*Still no data for 2011

Country	Teaching Staff in Secondary Education									Rank a/
	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010
Brunei Darussalam	3,453	3,765	4,137	4,350	4,255	4,274	4,439	4,601	no data	9	9	7	7	9	10	8	7	n.a.
Cambodia	21,997	23,749	no data	no data	27,070	30,258	no data	no data	no data	7	7	n.a.	n.a.	7	7	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.
Indonesia	1,114,798	1,115,098	1,151,624	1,281,677	1,369,424	1,434,874	1,531,383	1,550,054	1,640,533	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1
Lao PDR	13,296	13,771	14,257	15,891	15,987	17,110	18,117	no data	no data	8	8	6	6	8	8	6	n.a.	n.a.
Malaysia	129,836	141,913	148,824	153,031	154,407	166,940	178,379	186,481	no data	5	5	4	4	5.0	5.0	4.0	4.0	n.a.
Myanmar	76,150	73,062	77,004	78,144	79,837	81,943	82,001	82,204	83,703	6	6	5	5	6	6	5	5	3
Philippines	151,750	163,646	168,058	167,749	169,075	181,193	no data	194,373	no data	4	4	3	3	4	4	n.a.	3	n.a.
Singapore	no data	no data	no data	no data	no data	13,686	14,128	15,560	no data	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	9.0	7.0	6.0	n.a.
Thailand	172,948	172,037	no data	no data	208,812	227,929	222,799	no data	no data	3	3	n.a.	n.a.	3	3	3	n.a.	n.a.
Viet Nam	334,219	362,147	390,778	415,579	438,624	451,165	461,663	469,081	474,345	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2

*Still no data for 2011

B. Gross enrolment ratio in primary and secondary education

Country	Gross Enrolment Ratio in Primary Education									Rank a/
	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010
Brunei Darussalam	112	116	117	117	117	117	114	111	108	2	2	2	2	2	3	5	4	5
Cambodia	125	128	130	130	130	129	126	126	127	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1
Indonesia	110	111	111	112	112	116	116	117	118	3	3	4	4	5	4	4	3	4
Lao PDR	109	111	113	114	116	118	121	no data	126	4	3	3	3	3	2	2	n.a.	2
Malaysia	95	95	97	96	no data	no data	no data	no data	no data	9	9	9	9	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.
Myanmar	106	110	111	112	114	116	120	122	126	6	5	4	4	4	4	3	2	2
Philippines	109	109	108	107	105	105	105	106	no data	4	6	6	6	6	6	6	5	n.a.
Singapore	no data	no data	no data	no data	no data	no data	no data	no data	no data	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.
Thailand	98	97	99	98	96	95	93	91	no data	8	8	7	8	8	8	8	7	n.a.
Viet Nam	102	100	99	99	100	102	104	104	106	7	7	7	7	7	7	7	6	6

*Still no data for 2011

Country	Gross Enrolment Ratio in Secondary Education									Rank a/
	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010
Brunei Darussalam	92	93	96	100	102	102	104	107	110	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1
Cambodia	23	27	31	35	39	42	44	45	46	9	9	9	9	9	9	9	8	7
Indonesia	56	60	62	61	64	71	70	75	77	6	6	6	6	6	5	5	5	2
Lao PDR	40	42	44	45	44	44	45	no data	47	8	7	8	8	8	8	8		6
Malaysia	67	72	74	70	70	69	69	68	no data	4	3	4	5	5	6	6	6	n.a.
Myanmar	42	42	46	47	50	50	53	53	54	7	7	7	7	7	7	7	7	5
Philippines	80	82	84	84	82	82	83	85	no data	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	n.a.
Singapore	no data	no data	no data	no data	no data	no data	no data	no data	no data	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.
Thailand	64	64	66	71	71	75	75	76	77	5	5	5	4	4	4	4	3	2
Viet Nam	69	72	75	77	77	78	77	76	77	3	3	3	3	3	3	3	3	2

*Still no data for 2011

C. Net enrolment ratio in primary and secondary education

Country	Net Enrolment Ratio in Primary Education									Rank a/
	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010
Brunei Darussalam	no data	no data	no data	no data	no data	no data	no data	no data	no data	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.
Cambodia	no data	96	no data	no data	95	97	96	no data	96	n.a.	1	n.a.	n.a.	1	1	2	n.a.	3
Indonesia	91	91	92	92	95	95	96	95	96	3	3	2	2	1	2	2	2	3
Lao PDR	79	81	82	83	84	86	89	no data	97	5	5	4	5	6	5	5		2
Malaysia	95	95	97	96	no data	no data	no data	no data	no data	1	2	1	1	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.
Myanmar	no data	no data	no data	no data	no data	no data	no data	no data	no data	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.
Philippines	90	91	90	89	88	87	88	88	no data	4	3	3	4	5	4	6	4	n.a.
Singapore	no data	no data	no data	no data	no data	no data	no data	no data	no data	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.
Thailand	no data	no data	no data	no data	94	92	91	90	no data	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	3	3	4	3	n.a.
Viet Nam	93	no data	no data	92	93	no data	99	99	98	2	n.a.	n.a.	2	4	n.a.	1	1	1

*Still no data for 2011

Country	Net Enrolment Ratio in Secondary Education									Rank a/
	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010
Brunei Darussalam	no data	no data	no data	91	94	94	95	97	no data	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	1	1	1	1	1	n.a.
Cambodia	22	26	no data	no data	31	35	no data	no data	no data	6	6	n.a.	n.a.	8	8	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.
Indonesia	no data	53	55	56	59	66	65	65	67	n.a.	3	3	4	5	4	4	4	2
Lao PDR	31	34	36	36	35	36	37	no data	40	5	5	5	6	7	7	7	n.a.	4
Malaysia	67	72	73	70	70	69	69	68	no data	1	1	1	2	2	3	3	3	n.a.
Myanmar	38	38	43	44	46	47	50	50	51	4	4	4	5	6	6	6	6	3
Philippines	55	58	60	59	60	60	61	62	no data	3	2	2	3	4	5	5	5	n.a.
Singapore	no data	no data	no data	no data	no data	no data	no data	no data	no data	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.
Thailand	no data	no data	no data	no data	67	70	71	73	72	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	3	2	2	2	1
Viet Nam	65	no data	no data	no data	no data	no data	no data	no data	no data	2	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.

*Still no data for 2011

Note:
a/ 1=highest/best, 10=lowest/worst
No data means that the information for the country is not available for the year.
n.a. - not applicable

Source of basic data:
United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, http://stats.uis.unesco.org/unesco/ReportFolders/ReportFolders.aspx?IF_ActivePath=P,50&IF_Language=eng

 

 

Table 3. Some human development indicators

Country	Human Development Index												HDI Rank a/
	2000	2001	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2000	2001	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011
Brunei Darussalam	0.818	0.872	0.867	0.866	0.871	0.830	0.834	0.835	0.834	0.835	0.837	0.838	1	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2
Cambodia	0.438	0.556	0.568	0.571	0.583	0.491	0.501	0.508	0.513	0.513	0.518	0.523	9	8	8	9	8	8	8	8	8	9	9	9
Indonesia	0.543	0.682	0.692	0.697	0.711	0.572	0.579	0.591	0.598	0.607	0.613	0.617	6	7	6	7	6	6	6	6	6	6	6	6
Lao PDR	0.448	0.525	0.534	0.545	0.553	0.484	0.491	0.500	0.507	0.514	0.520	0.524	8	10	10	10	10	9	9	9	9	8	8	8
Malaysia	0.705	0.790	0.793	0.796	0.805	0.738	0.742	0.746	0.750	0.752	0.758	0.761	3	3	3	3	3	3	3	3	3	3	3	3
Myanmar	0.380	0.549	0.551	0.578	0.581	0.436	0.448	0.459	0.468	0.474	0.479	0.483	10	9	9	8	9	10	10	10	10	10	10	10
Philippines	0.602	0.751	0.753	0.758	0.763	0.622	0.624	0.630	0.635	0.636	0.641	0.644	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5
Singapore	0.801	0.884	0.902	0.907	0.916	0.835	0.843	0.850	0.855	0.856	0.864	0.866	2	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1
Thailand	0.626	0.768	0.768	0.778	0.784	0.656	0.661	0.670	0.672	0.673	0.680	0.682	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4
Viet Nam	0.528	0.688	0.691	0.704	0.709	0.561	0.568	0.575	0.580	0.584	0.590	0.593	7	6	7	6	7	7	7	7	7	7	7	7

 

Country	Adult Literacy Rate									Rank a/
	2000	2001	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2008	2009	2000	2001	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2008	2009
Brunei Darussalam	no data	91.6	93.9	92.7	92.7	no data	no data	no data	95.3	n.a.	5	1	1	1	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	1
Cambodia	no data	68.7	69.4	73.6	73.6	no data	no data	77.6	no data	n.a.	9	9	9	9	n.a.	n.a.	3	n.a.
Indonesia	no data	87.3	87.9	87.9	90.4	no data	92	92.2	no data	n.a.	7	7	8	5	n.a.	1	2	n.a.
Lao PDR	69.6	65.6	66.4	68.7	68.7	72.7	no data	no data	no data	7	10	10	10	10	2	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.
Malaysia	88.7	87.9	88.7	88.7	88.7	no data	no data	no data	92.5	6	6	6	7	8	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	4
Myanmar	89.9	85.0	85.3	89.7	89.9	no data	no data	no data	92.0	5	8	8	6	7	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	5
Philippines	92.6	95.1	92.6	92.6	92.6	no data	no data	95.4	no data	1	2	2	2	2	n.a.	n.a.	1	n.a.
Singapore	92.5	92.5	92.5	92.5	92.5	no data	no data	no data	94.7	3	4	4	4	4	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	2
Thailand	92.6	95.7	92.6	92.6	92.6	93.5	no data	no data	no data	1	1	2	2	2	1	n.a.	n.a.
Viet Nam	90.2	92.7	90.3	90.3	90.3	no data	no data	no data	92.8	4	3	5	5	6	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	3

 

Country	Life Expectancy At Birth												Life Expectancy At Birth Rank a/
	2000	2001	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2000	2001	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011
Brunei Darussalam	76.1	76.1	76.2	76.4	76.6	77.2	77.3	77.5	77.6	77.7	77.9	78.0	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2
Cambodia	57.6	57.4	57.4	56.2	56.5	60.1	60.7	61.2	61.7	62.2	62.7	63.1	10	8	8	9	9	10	10	10	10	10	10	10
Indonesia	65.7	66.2	66.6	66.8	67.2	67.1	67.4	67.8	68.1	68.5	68.9	69.4	7	7	7	7	7	7	7	6	6	6	6	6
Lao PDR	61.4	53.9	54.3	54.7	55.1	64.5	65.1	65.7	66.2	66.7	67.1	67.5	9	10	10	10	10	8	8	8	8	8	8	8
Malaysia	72.1	72.8	73.0	73.2	73.4	72.9	73.1	73.3	73.5	73.7	74.0	74.2	4	3	3	3	3	5	5	5	5	5	4	4
Myanmar	61.9	57.0	57.2	60.2	60.5	62.9	63.2	63.5	63.8	64.2	64.7	65.2	8	9	9	8	8	9	9	9	9	9	9	9
Philippines	66.8	69.5	69.8	70.4	70.7	67.4	67.6	67.8	68.0	68.2	68.5	68.7	6	4	4	5	5	6	6	6	7	7	7	7
Singapore	78.7	77.8	78.0	70.0	78.9	80.0	80.3	80.5	80.7	80.8	81.0	81.1	1	1	1	6	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1
Thailand	72.5	68.9	69.1	78.7	70.3	73.2	73.4	73.5	73.6	73.8	74.0	74.1	3	5	5	1	6	4	4	4	4	4	4	5
Viet Nam	72.0	68.6	69.0	70.5	70.8	73.8	74.1	74.3	74.5	74.7	75.0	75.2	5	6	6	4	4	3	3	3	3	3	3	3

 

Country	Maternal Mortality Ratio (MMR)					MMR Rank a/					Under-five Mortality Ratio									U5MR Rank a/
	2000	2001	2002	2005	2008	2000	2001	2002	2005	2008	2000	2001	2002	2003	2004	2005	2007	2008	2009	2000	2001	2002	2003	2004	2005	2007	2008	2009
Brunei Darussalam	24	0	0	23	21	2	1	1	2	2	8	6	6	6	9	7	7	7	7	2	2	2	2	2	2	3	3	3
Cambodia	470	440	440	350	290	9	9	9	9	9	106	138	138	140	141	96	91	90	88	10	10	10	10	10	10	10	10	10
Indonesia	350	380	380	270	240	8	8	8	8	8	56	45	45	41	38	46	42	41	39	7	7	7	7	7	7	7	7	7
Lao PDR	790	650	530	650	580	10	10	10	10	10	86	100	100	91	83	70	64	61	59	9	8	8	8	8	8	8	8	8
Malaysia	39	41	30	34	31	3	3	3	3	3	10	8	8	7	12	8	7	6	6	3	3	3	3	3	3	3	2	2
Myanmar	290	230	230	250	240	7	7	7	7	8	85	109	109	107	106	77	74	73	71	8	9	9	9	9	9	9	9	9
Philippines	120	170	170	110	94	6	6	6	6	6	38	38	38	36	34	35	34	34	33	6	6	5	6	6	6	6	6	6
Singapore	15	6	6	10	9	1	2	2	1	1	4	4	4	3	3	3	3	3	3	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1
Thailand	63	44	36	51	48	4	4	4	4	4	20	28	28	26	21	16	15	14	14	4	4	4	5	4	4	4	4	4
Viet Nam	91	95	95	66	56	5	5	5	5	5	29	38	39	23	23	26	25	24	24	5	6	6	4	5	5	5	5	5

Note:
a/ 1=highest/best, 10=lowest/worst
No data means that the information for the country is not available for the year.
n.a. (not applicable) means that the given country was not considered in the ranking due to the unavailability of data.

Source of basic data: United Nations Development Programme, http://hdrstats.undp.org/en/tables/

 

Table 4. Some information and communications technology (ICT) indicators

A. Mobile-cellular subscriptions

Country	Mobile-cellular Subscriptions										Rank a/
	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011
Brunei Darussalam	153,647	177,365	202,454	232,900	301,400	366,138	398,857	412,882	435,104	443,161	8	8	9	9	9	9	9	10	10	10
Cambodia	380,000	498,388	861,500	1,062,000	1,721,650	2,583,318	4,237,000	6,268,000	8,150,764	10,000,000	7	7	7	7	7	7	7	7	6	6
Indonesia	11,700,000	18,495,251	30,336,607	46,909,972	63,803,015	93,386,881	140,578,243	163,676,961	211,290,235	236,799,493	2	3	2	1	1	1	1	1	1	1
Lao PDR	55,160	112,275	204,191	657,528	1,009,565	1,478,409	2,022,133	3,234,642	4,003,395	5,480,851	9	9	8	8	8	8	8	8	8	8
Malaysia	9,053,000	11,124,000	14,611,000	19,545,000	19,463,722	23,347,000	27,713,000	30,144,000	33,859,000	36,661,261	4	4	4	4	4	5	5	5	5	5
Myanmar	47,982	66,517	92,452	128,700	214,214	247,641	367,388	502,005	594,000	1,243,619	10	10	10	10	10	10	10	9	9	9
Philippines	15,383,001	22,509,560	32,935,875	34,778,995	42,868,911	57,344,815	68,117,167	75,586,646	79,895,646	87,256,359	1	1	1	2	2	2	3	3	3	3
Singapore	3,313,000	3,577,000	3,990,700	4,384,600	4,788,600	5,924,100	6,414,800	6,879,800	7,384,600	7,755,200	5	5	6	6	6	6	6	6	7	7
Thailand	10,171,550	21,828,181	27,378,659	31,136,541	40,723,181	52,973,994	61,837,164	65,952,313	71,624,172	78,667,910	3	2	3	3	3	3	4	4	4	4
Viet Nam	1,902,388	2,742,000	4,960,000	9,593,200	18,892,480	45,024,048	74,872,310	98,223,980	111,570,201	127,318,045	6	6	5	5	5	4	2	2	2	2

 

Country	Mobile-cellular Subscriptions per 100 individuals										Rank a/
	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011
Brunei Darussalam	45	51	57	64	81	97	104	105	109	109	2	2	3	3	2	2	2	4	4	5
Cambodia	3	4	7	8	13	19	31	45	58	70	7	7	7	9	9	9	9	9	9	9
Indonesia	5	8	14	21	28	40	60	69	88	98	6	6	6	6	6	7	7	7	6	6
Lao PDR	1	2	4	11	17	25	34	53	65	87	9	9	9	8	8	8	8	8	8	8
Malaysia	37	44	57	75	73	86	101	108	119	127	3	3	2	2	3	3	3	3	3	3
Myanmar	0	0	0	0	0	1	1	1	1	3	10	10	10	10	10	10	10	10	10	10
Philippines	19	27	39	41	49	65	76	82	86	92	4	5	5	5	5	5	6	6	7	7
Singapore	82	88	96	103	109	129	134	139	145	149	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1
Thailand	16	33	41	47	61	78	91	96	104	113	5	4	4	4	4	4	4	5	5	4
Viet Nam	2	3	6	12	22	53	87	113	127	143	8	8	8	7	7	6	5	2	2	2

 

B. Fixed telephone subscriptions

Country	Fixed Telephone Subscriptions										Rank a/
	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011
Brunei Darussalam	81,280	81,925	83,100	83,890	80,176	79,554	80,786	80,549	79,901	79,839	8	8	8	8	9	9	9	9	10	10
Cambodia	35,419	31,379	32,180	32,971	25,648	37,529	43,100	54,200	358,850	530,000	10	10	10	9	10	10	10	10	8	7
Indonesia	7,750,035	8,058,139	10,376,381	13,507,830	14,820,733	19,529,507	30,378,071	34,807,420	40,928,897	38,617,480	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1
Lao PDR	61,910	69,760	75,000	90,806	92,151	94,828	127,799	100,228	103,102	107,643	9	9	9	7	8	8	8	8	9	9
Malaysia	4,669,903	4,571,561	4,446,265	4,365,647	4,342,100	4,350,000	4,514,000	4,524,000	4,573,000	4,242,896	3	3	4	3	4	4	4	5	5	5
Myanmar	342,317	362,976	424,871	503,930	571,293	464,090	504,445	444,265	493,314	521,067	7	7	7	6	7	7	7	7	7	8
Philippines	3,310,933	3,340,000	3,437,491	3,367,252	3,633,188	3,940,082	4,076,140	6,783,372	6,783,372	6,782,143	5	5	5	4	5	5	5	4	4	3
Singapore	1,927,200	1,889,500	1,857,000	1,844,400	1,853,500	1,861,800	1,876,000	1,925,600	1,996,100	2,016,900	6	6	6	5	6	6	6	6	6	6
Thailand	6,557,023	6,632,409	6,811,615	7,034,662	7,071,633	7,024,049	7,394,349	7,204,936	6,924,844	6,720,165	2	2	3	2	3	3	3	3	3	4
Viet Nam	3,929,140	4,402,000	10,124,899	no data	8,567,520	11,165,617	14,767,629	17,427,365	14,374,438	10,174,849	4	4	2	n.a.	2	2	2	2	2	2

 

Country	Fixed Telephone Subscriptions per 100 individuals										Rank a/
	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011
Brunei Darussalam	24	23	23	23	22	21	21	21	20	20	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2
Cambodia	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	3	4	10	10	10	9	10	10	10	10	8	8
Indonesia	4	4	5	6	6	8	13	15	17	16	7	7	6	5	6	6	5	5	3	3
Lao PDR	1	1	1	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	8	8	8	7	8	8	8	8	9	9
Malaysia	19	18	17	17	16	16	16	16	16	15	3	3	3	3	3	3	4	4	5	4
Myanmar	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	9	9	9	8	9	9	9	9	10	10
Philippines	4	4	4	4	4	4	5	7	7	7	6	6	7	6	7	7	7	7	7	7
Singapore	48	46	45	43	42	41	39	39	39	39	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1
Thailand	10	10	10	11	11	10	11	10	10	10	4	4	5	4	4	5	6	6	6	6
Viet Nam	5	5	12	no data	10	13	17	20	16	11	5	5	4	n.a.	5	4	3	3	4	5

 

C. Fixed internet subscriptions

Country	Fixed Internet Subscriptions								Rank a/
	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009
Brunei Darussalam	13,310	13,670	17,597	17,973	17,607	58,085	84,455	100,145	6	6	6	6	6	7	7	5
Cambodia	6,701	7,152	7,888	8,532	10,780	14,708	19,149	no data	7	7	7	7	8	9	9	n.a.
Indonesia	667,002	865,706	1,346,324	1,852,994	2,701,554	1,572,948	1,707,200	no data	4	4	4	4	3	5	5	n.a.
Lao PDR	2,555	3,231	5,868	6,265	4,638	5,487	13,376	15,631	8	9	8	9	9	10	10	6
Malaysia	2,632,849	2,991,402	3,545,500	4,155,100	4,488,600	4,930,900	5,221,600	5,591,800	1	1	1	1	1	2	2	1
Myanmar	no data	5,767	5,495	6,383	15,617	18,327	21,268	no data	n.a.	8	9	8	7	8	8	n.a.
Philippines	800,000	1,000,000	1,200,000	1,440,000	2,000,000	2,596,151	3,545,716	3,600,000	3	3	5	5	5	3	3	2
Singapore	2,020,800	2,199,900	2,241,000	2,255,100	2,303,200	1,927,600	1,122,100	1,247,200	2	2	2	3	4	4	6	4
Thailand	no data	no data	no data	no data	no data	1,297,917	1,792,873	2,295,553	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	6	4	3
Viet Nam	350,000	804,528	1,659,013	2,906,420	4,059,392	5,240,592	6,700,000	no data	5	5	3	2	2	1	1	n.a.

* Only the data for Singapore is available in 2010 and still no data for 2011.

 

Country	Fixed Internet Subscriptions per 100 individuals								Rank a/
	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009
Brunei Darussalam	4	4	5	5	5	15	22	26	3	3	3	3	4	3	2	1
Cambodia	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	no data	7	8	8	8	7	8	9	n.a.
Indonesia	0	0	1	1	1	1	1	no data	6	6	6	6	6	7	7	n.a.
Lao PDR	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	8	7	7	7	8	9	8	6
Malaysia	11	12	14	16	17	18	19	20	2	2	2	2	2	2	3	3
Myanmar	no data	0	0	0	0	0	0	no data	n.a.	9	9	9	9	10	10	n.a.
Philippines	1	1	1	2	2	3	4	4	4	4	5	5	5	5	5	4
Singapore	50	54	54	53	52	42	24	25	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	2
Thailand	no data	no data	no data	no data	no data	2	3	3	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	6	6	5
Viet Nam	0	1	2	3	5	6	8	no data	5	5	4	4	3	4	4	n.a.

Note:
a/ 1=highest/best, 10=lowest/worst
No data means that the information for the country is not available for the year.
n.a. (not applicable) means that the given country was not considered in the ranking due to the unavailability of data.

Source of basic data: International Telecommunication Union,
http://www.itu.int/ITU-D/ict/statistics/

 

Table 5. Enrolment in primary and secondary education

Country	Enrolment in primary education
	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010
Brunei Darussalam	44,882	46,242	46,382	46,012	46,085	45,972	45,125	44,681	44,215
Cambodia	2,728,698	2,772,113	2,762,882	2,695,372	2,582,250	2,479,644	2,340,606	2,289,759	2,272,527
Indonesia	28,926,377	29,050,834	29,142,093	29,149,746	28,982,708	29,796,705	29,498,266	29,901,051	30,341,821
Lao PDR	852,857	875,300	884,629	890,821	891,881	891,807	900,817	no data	916,341
Malaysia	3,009,009	3,056,266	3,159,376	3,202,008	3,133,399	3,103,579	3,053,378	3,000,676	no data
Myanmar	4,778,851	4,889,325	4,932,646	4,948,198	4,969,445	5,013,582	5,109,630	5,094,623	5,125,942
Philippines	12,826,218	12,970,635	13,017,973	13,083,744	13,006,648	13,145,210	13,411,286	13,686,643	no data
Singapore	no data	no data	no data	no data	no data	301,101	299,704	294,602	no data
Thailand	6,056,420	5,997,390	6,054,517	5,974,615	5,843,512	5,703,757	5,564,624	5,370,546	no data
Viet Nam	9,336,913	8,841,004	8,350,191	7,773,484	7,317,813	7,041,312	6,871,795	6,745,016	6,922,624

*Still no data for 2011

Country	Teacher-pupil ratio									Rank a/
	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010
Brunei Darussalam	1:13	1:12	1:11	1:10	1:13	1:13	1:13	1:12	1:11	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1
Cambodia	1:56	1:56	1:55	1:53	1:50	1:51	1:49	1:49	1:48	9	9	8	8	9	10	9	8	6
Indonesia	1:21	1:20	1:20	1:20	1:20	1:19	1:17	1:17	1:16	4	4	3	3	4	4	4	3	2
Lao PDR	1:30	1:31	1:31	1:31	1:31	1:30	1:30	no data	1:29	6	6	5	6	7	8	8	n.a.	5
Malaysia	1:19	1:18	1:17	1:17	1:16	1:15	1:15	1:13	no data	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	n.a.
Myanmar	1:33	1:33	1:32	1:31	1:30	1:29	1:29	1:28	1:28	7	7	6	5	6	7	7	6	4
Philippines	1:35	1:35	1:35	1:35	1:35	1:34	no data	1:31	no data	8	8	7	7	8	9	n.a.	7	n.a.
Singapore	no data	no data	no data	no data	no data	1:20	1:19	1:17	no data	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	5	5	4	n.a.
Thailand	1:19	1:19	no data	no data	1:18	1:18	1:16	no data	no data	3	3	n.a.	n.a.	3	3	3	n.a.	n.a.
Viet Nam	1:26	1:25	1:23	1:22	1:21	1:20	1:20	1:20	1:20	5	5	4	4	5	6	6	5	3

 

Country	Enrolment in secondary education
	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010
Brunei Darussalam	36,631	37,743	39,553	40,890	42,598	42,943	43,345	44,430	44,806
Cambodia	466,823	545,660	616,089	708,454	798,862	856,200	909,033	918,708	925,788
Indonesia	13,113,249	13,772,782	14,155,490	13,829,119	14,565,882	16,315,197	15,575,938	16,425,000	16,656,848
Lao PDR	315,733	348,309	374,420	388,044	390,641	400,092	409,868	no data	433,427
Malaysia	2,158,820	2,380,121	2,435,781	2,343,362	2,369,363	2,341,353	2,370,908	2,387,723	no data
Myanmar	2,372,593	2,382,608	2,544,437	2,589,312	2,696,307	2,686,198	2,828,868	2,812,866	2,852,447
Philippines	5,816,699	6,069,063	6,308,792	6,352,482	6,301,582	6,365,985	6,509,273	6,766,952	no data
Singapore	no data	no data	no data	no data	no data	204,269	204,146	205,171	no data
Thailand	3,557,814	3,539,608	3,635,825	3,847,463	3,826,602	4,022,035	3,952,231	4,002,493	4,054,280
Viet Nam	8,588,509	8,955,994	9,228,306	9,472,815	9,474,861	9,329,737	8,928,507	8,467,012	8,100,135

*Still no data for 2011

Country	Teacher-student ratio									Rank a/
	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010
Brunei Darussalam	1:11	1:10	1:10	1:9	1:10	1:10	1:10	1:10	no data	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	n.a.
Cambodia	1:21	1:23	no data	no data	1:30	1:28	no data	no data	no data	5	5	n.a.	n.a.	7	8	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.
Indonesia	1:12	1:12	1:12	1:11	1:11	1:11	1:10	1:11	1:10	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	1
Lao PDR	1:24	1:25	1:26	1:24	1:24	1:23	1:23	no data	no data	6	7	5	5	6	7	7	n.a.	n.a.
Malaysia	1:17	1:17	1:16	1:15	1:15	1:14	1:13	1:13	no data	3	3	3	3	3	3	3	3	n.a.
Myanmar	1:31	1:33	1:33	1:33	1:34	1:33	1:34	1:34	1:34	8	8	6	6	8	9	8	6	3
Philippines	1:38	1:37	1:38	1:38	1:37	1:35	no data	1:35	no data	9	9	7	7	9	10	n.a.	7	n.a.
Singapore	no data	no data	no data	no data	no data	1:15	1:14	1:13	no data	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	4	4	4	n.a.
Thailand	1:21	1:21	no data	no data	1:18	1:18	1:18	no data	no data	4	4	n.a.	n.a.	4	5	5	n.a.	n.a.
Viet Nam	1:26	1:25	1:24	1:23	1:22	1:21	1:19	1:18	1:17	7	6	4	4	5	6	6	5	2

Notes:
a/ 1=highest/best, 10=lowest/worst
No data means that the information for the country is not available for the year.
n.a. (not applicable) means that the given country was not considered in the ranking due to the unavailability of data.

Source of basic data: United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, http://stats.uis.unesco.org/unesco/ReportFolders/ReportFolders.aspx?IF_ActivePath=P,50&IF_Language=eng

 

Posted: 10 September 2012

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