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Statistically Speaking
VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN… AT HOME! 
by Dr. Romulo A. Virola 1
Secretary General, NSCB
This month, the whole country, spearheaded by our friends from the Philippine Commission on Women (PCW, formerly the National Commission on the Role of Filipino Women)2 is once again celebrating the National Women’s Month, with the theme, “Babae, Tagumpay Ka ng Bayan!” The theme highlights women’s advancement and empowerment, giving due recognition to women’s contribution to nation building and development. It underscores the triumphs that women managed to achieve despite some trials and hindrances3.
Sadly, one of the realities of modern society is violence against women (VAW). Cognizant of this disturbing situation of women, in 2004, the government passed Republic Act (RA) 9262 or the Anti-Violence Against Women and Their Children Act. Section 2 of RA 9262 declares that, "the State values the dignity of women and children and guarantees full respect for human rights. The State also recognizes the need to protect the family and its members, particularly women and children, from violence and threats to their personal safety and security."4 Six years from the passage of this law, it is worthwhile to assess the extent of VAW in the country. Are we respecting the law? More importantly, are we respecting women… the rights of women?
The National Statistical Coordination Board (NSCB), per NSCB Resolution No. 6, Series of 2001, defines VAW as “an act of gender-based violence that results in, or is likely to result in, physical, sexual, or psychological harm or suffering to women, including threats of such acts, coercion or arbitrary deprivation of liberty, whether occurring in public or in private life. It encompasses all forms of violation of women's rights, including threats and reprisals, exploitation, harassment, and other forms of control.”5 The said Resolution also approved the Statistical Framework on Violence against Women and Children (VAWC), which identifies the forms of violence – physical abuse, sexual abuse, emotional/psychological abuse, and economic abuse.6
For the first time, the National Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS) of the National Statistics Office (NSO) included in 2008 a separate module called the Women’s Safety Module, which probes into women’s experiences of violence, particularly on physical violence7 and sexual violence8. Likewise, information was collected on spousal violence9 - covering all forms of VAW: 1) physical violence; 2) sexual violence; 3) emotional violence; and 4) economic violence10 (the 3rd and 4th forms of VAW were grouped together in the survey as “other forms of violence”).
The module also included questions on marital control, which may fall either under emotional/psychological violence or economic violence. Marital control was operationalized in the survey by asking the women about the following situations, which happened in their relationships with their husbands/partners: a) is jealous or angry if she talks to other men; b) frequently accuses her of being unfaithful; c) does not permit her to meet her female friends; d) tries to limit her contact with her family; e) insists on knowing where she is at all times; and f) does not trust her with any money. The last item falls under economic violence with the rest falling under emotional/psychological violence.
Respondents were women aged 15-49 who were either a) never married; b) married or living together; and c) divorced/separated/widowed. Women in categories b or c are also referred to as ever-married women in the 2008 NDHS.
Now what do the results of the 2008 NDHS tell us? What are the challenges faced by our women? How much do they suffer? Who are the perpetrators of VAW?
One in five women aged 15-49 experienced physical violence since age 15! The 2008 NDHS reported an alarming incidence of 20.1 percent of women aged 15-49 who have ever experienced physical violence since age 15. Women who never married had the lowest incidence of 11.3% followed by those who are currently married or living together with a partner at 22.3% and the highest incidence was suffered by those who are divorced/separated/widowed at 36.5%! (Table 1) It may be recalled that last month’s Statistically Speaking article11 pointed out that there are now relatively more single Pinays. With such high incidence of VAW, we no longer wonder why many friendswould rather be single than be married or live with a man.
Almost one in 10 women aged 15-49 experienced sexual violence! The pattern for sexual violence is similar to that for physical violence: lowest incidence among those who never married (4.3%), followed by those who are married or living together (9.6%), and the highest (19.7%) among those who are divorced/separated/widowed. (Table 2)
It is also very alarming to know that women are not safe even in their own homes! For ever-married women (those who are married/living together or divorced/separated/widowed), the perpetrator of physical violence is their husband more than half of the times (54.7%)12! (Tables 3.1 and 3.2) Similarly for sexual violence, the current husband/partner is the main perpetrator, accounting for 60.5% of the cases!
Given this disturbing situation that among women aged 15-49, those who ever married are the most frequent victims of VAW, the next few bullets will focus on the various forms of spousal violence: physical, sexual, and other forms of violence (i.e., emotional and economic violence).
14.4% of ever-married women experienced physical violence perpetrated by their husbands! The most common form of spousal physical violence is slapping, with 8.5%!13 (Table 4) This is followed by pushing, shaking, or throwing something at the woman (8.2%) and punching her with his fist or with something that could hurt her (4.7%).
8.0% of ever-married women experienced sexual violence perpetrated by their husbands! The most common form of spousal sexual violence is physically forcing her to have sexual intercourse with him even when she did not want to, with 6.3%!13 (Table 4) Other forms of sexual violence are trying or attempting to force her to have sexual intercourse with him or perform any other sexual acts against her will (2.3%); and forcing her to actually perform any sexual acts she did not want to (2.2%).
In terms of other forms of spousal violence (i.e., emotional violence and economic violence), the most common forms include insulting the woman or making her feel bad about herself (10.9%)13 ; followed by not allowing her to engage in any legitimate work nor practice her profession (8.9%) and saying or doing something to humiliate her in front of others (7.4%). (Table 4)
As earlier mentioned, the Women’s Safety Module included questions on marital control – which is a form of emotional/psychological violence or economic violence.
The most common form of marital control is the husband getting jealous or angry when the woman communicates with other men (30.3%). This is followed by husbands insisting on knowing where she is at all times (17.8%) and frequently accuses her of being unfaithful (12.6%). (Table 5)
Indeed, VAW should be a serious concern of society. More shocking statistics from the 2008 NDHS…
Almost 4 out of 100 pregnant women experience physical violence (3.6%)! Obviously, this does not only put the mother at risk, but also the unborn child! (Table 6)
But women also commit “violence against men”! The 2008 NDHS shows that among ever-married women who have never experienced spousal physical violence, 11.7% committed physical violence against their current husband (for those who are married/living together) or most recent husband (for those divorced/separated/widowed)! (Table 7)
Among women who have ever experienced physical or sexual violence, 26.9% fought back verbally, 21.2% fought back
physically, and 17.5% sought help to try to stop the violence. (Table 8)
And where do victims of VAW go for help/support?
Most victims of VAW did not seek help from the police or a social service organization! Among women aged 15-49 who have ever experienced physical or sexual violence and sought help to stop the violence, 45.1% sought help from own family, 28.5% from friends and neighbours, and 14.5% from in-laws. Only 9.3% went to the police and 6.0 % to a social service organization. Why? (Table 9)
And has the veil of silence shrouding VAW been raised?
Between 2008-2009, cases of VAW reported to the Philippine National Police (PNP) rose by 37.4% (from 6,905 in 2008 to 9,485 in 2009) while cases of women in especially difficult circumstances (WEDC) served by the Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD) increased by 32.1% (from 10,630 in 2008 to 14,040 in 2009)!14(Tables 10.1 and 10.2) Is this a case of more women being victims of violence? Or more women having the courage to report to the authorities? We are not sure.
Obviously, much remains to be done to count and end VAW. Our PCW cannot do it alone. Our PNP, the DSWD and other similar institutions have roles to play in meeting the many difficult challenges. For sure, our VAW victims need even stronger support from existing support systems like the family, friends, neighbours, the church, the community. So as we pay tribute to our women this month, let us hope and pray that these numbers counting the victims of VAW in our society will dwindle dramatically over time.
Para sa Tagumpay ng ating Bayan…Happy Women’s Month!
Reactions and views are welcome thru email to the author at ra.virola@nscb.gov.ph.
________________
1 Secretary General of the National Statistical Coordination Board (NSCB) and Chairman of the Statistical Research and Training Center (SRTC). He holds a Ph. D. in Statistics from the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor, U.S.A. and has taught mathematics and statistics at the University of the Philippines. He is also a past president of the Philippine Statistical Association. This article was co-written by Jessamyn O. Encarnacion, OIC-Director, NSCB. The authors thank Lina V. Castro, Anna Jean Casanas, Mechelle Viernes, Bernadette B. Balamban, Noel S. Nepomuceno, Candido J. Astrologo, Jr., Albert Garcia, Andrea Baylon, Jeffrey Enrado and Ma. Libertie V. Masculino for the assistance in the preparation of the article. The views expressed in the article are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the NSCB.
2 The Magna Carta of Women, signed by the President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo on 14 August 2009, renamed the NCRFW as the PCW, which shall serve as the overall monitoring and oversight body to ensure the implementation of the law.
3 Source: http://www.ncrfw.gov.ph/index.php/ncrfw-press-releases/394-news-pcw-wmc-kicks-off
4 Source: http://www.ops.gov.ph/records/ra_no9262.htm
5 http://www.nscb.gov.ph/resolutions/2001/6.asp
6 National Statistical Coordination Board. Statistical Framework on Violence against Women and Children. Project on the Development of a Methodology to Generate Statistics on VAWC. July 2001.
7 Forms of physical violence, as classified in the 2008 NDHS questionnaire are as follows: a) push her, shake her, or throw something at her; b) slap her; c) twist her arm or pull her hair; d) punch or hit her with something that could hurt her; e) kick her, drag her, or beat her up; f) try to choke her or burn her on purpose; and g) threaten or attack her with a knife, gun, or any other weapon.
8 Forms of sexual violence, as classified in the 2008 NDHS questionnaire are as follows: a) physically force her to have sexual intercourse with him even when she did not want to; b) force her to perform any other sexual acts she did not want to; c) try or attempt to force her to have sexual intercourse with him or perform any other sexual acts against her will; d) persuade or threaten her to have sexual intercourse with him or perform any other sexual acts against her will.
9 Refers to intimate partner violence or partner-related violence, wherein cases of VAW reported in the NDHS were committed by women’s husbands or live-in partners.
10 Emotional and economic violence (or other forms of violence), as classified in the 2008 NDHS questionnaire include the following: a) say or do something to humiliate her in front of others; b) threaten to hurt or harm her or himself or someone close to her; c) insult her or make her feel bad about herself; d) not allow her to engage in any legitimate work nor practice her profession; e) control her own money or properties or force her to work; f) destroy her personal properties, pets or belongings, or threaten or actually harm her pets; and g) have other intimate relationships.
11 Virola, Romulo A. Love Affairs. Statistically Speaking. National Statistical Coordination Board. 8 February 2010. (Source: http://www.nscb.gov.ph/headlines/StatsSpeak/2010/020810_rav_love.asp)
12 Husband refers to the current husband for currently married women and the most recent husband for divorced, separated or widowed women.
13 In the 2008 NDHS, the respondent was asked to disclose any experience of violence based on the different violent acts included in the list; hence, the respondent may have multiple responses on the forms of physical and/or sexual violence or other forms of violence (i.e., emotional and economic) experienced from the husband/partner.
14 The PNP compiles statistics on VAW based on reported cases, while the DSWD statistics are based on cases served. Obviously, the two sets of data will not necessarily reflect identical figures as a woman victim may decide to seek help from only one agency or both.
Table 1. Experience of physical violence
Percentage of women aged 15-49 who have ever experienced physical violence since age 15 and percentage who experienced physical violence during the 12 months preceding the survey, by marital status, Philippines 2008
| Background characteristic | Percentage who have ever experienced physical violence since age 15 1/ | Percentage who experienced physical violence in the past 12 months | Number of women | ||
| Often | Sometimes | Often or sometimes | |||
| Marital status | |||||
Never married |
11.3 | 0.5 | 4.6 | 5.1 | 2,384 |
Married or living together |
22.3 | 0.8 | 7.1 | 8.0 | 6,522 |
Divorced/separated/widowed |
36.5 | 2.6 | 7.0 | 9.6 | 410 |
| Total | 20.1 | 0.8 | 6.5 | 7.3 | 9,316 |
Note: Total includes 17 women with information missing on employment status.
1/ Includes physical violence in the past 12 months
Source: 2008 National Demographic and Health Survey, National Statistics Office
Table 2. Experience of sexual violence
Percentage of women aged 15-49 who have experienced sexual violence,
by marital status, Philippines 2008
| Background characteristic | Percentage who have ever experienced sexual violence 1/ |
Number of women |
| Marital status | ||
Never married |
4.3 | 4,032 |
Married or living together |
9.6 | 4,900 |
Divorced/separated/widowed |
19.7 | 367 |
| Total | 8.7 | 9,316 |
Note: Total includes 17 women with information missing on employment status.
1/ Includes women whose sexual initiation was forced against their will
Source: 2008 National Demographic and Health Survey, National Statistics Office
Table 3.1 Persons committing physical violence
Among women aged 15-49 who have experienced physical violence
since age 15, percentage who reported specific persons who committed
the violence, by marital status, Philippines 2008
| Persons committing violence | Marital Status | Total | |
| Ever married | Never married | ||
| Current husband | 54.7 | na | 46.8 |
| Former husband | 12.1 | na | 10.3 |
| Current boyfriend | 0.3 | 19.8 | 3.1 |
| Former boyfriend | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.6 |
| Father/step-father | 16.6 | 25.9 | 17.9 |
| Mother/step-mother | 18.5 | 34.5 | 20.8 |
| Sister/Brother | 9.3 | 21.0 | 11.0 |
| Daughter/son | 0.9 | 0 | 0.8 |
| Other relative | 11.6 | 9.6 | 11.3 |
| Mother-in-law | 0.2 | na | 0.2 |
| Father-in-law | 0.1 | na | 0.1 |
| Other in-law | 1.2 | na | 1.0 |
| Teacher | 0.0 | 0.3 | 0.0 |
| Employer/someone at work | 0.8 | 0.8 | 0.8 |
| Other | 1.1 | 0.4 | 1.0 |
| Number of women | 1,601 | 269 | 1,870 |
na = Not applicable
Source: 2008 National Demographic and Health Survey, National Statistics Office
Table 3.2 Persons committing sexual violence
Among women aged 15-49 who have experienced sexual violence,
percentage who reported specific persons who committed the violence,
by current marital status, Philippines 2008
| Persons committing violence | Marital Status | Total | |
| Ever married | Never married | ||
| Current husband/partner | 60.5 | na | 52.9 |
| Former husband/partner | 15.2 | na | 13.3 |
| Current/former boyfriend | 4.4 | 57.7 | 11.1 |
| Father | 0.1 | 0 | 0.1 |
| Step Father | 0.5 | 1.8 | 0.7 |
| Other relative | 2.4 | 1.9 | 2.4 |
| In-law | 0 | 0.8 | 0.1 |
| Own friend/acquaintance | 1.8 | 10.2 | 2.8 |
| Family friend | 0.4 | 1.4 | 0.6 |
| Employer/someone at work | 1.5 | 0 | 1.3 |
| Police/soldier | 0.1 | 0 | 0.1 |
| Priest/religious leader | 0.1 | 0 | 0.1 |
| Stranger | 1 | 5.7 | 1.6 |
| Missing | 7 | 5.5 | 6.8 |
| Other relative | 3.7 | 12.5 | 4.8 |
| Number of Women | 708 | 102 | 810 |
na = Not applicable
Source: 2008 National Demographic and Health Survey, National Statistics Office
Table 4. Forms of spousal violence
Percentage of ever-married women aged 15-49 who have experienced
specific forms of violence committed by their husband (ever)
and in the 12 months preceding the survey, Philippines 2008
| Type of violence | Ever experienced violence | Experienced violence |
||
| Often | Sometimes | Often or sometimes | ||
| Physical violence | ||||
| Any | 14.4 | 0.9 | 6.6 | 7.5 |
| Pushed her, shook her, or threw something at her | 8.2 | 0.6 | 3.9 | 4.5 |
| Slapped her | 8.5 | 0.5 | 3.4 | 3.9 |
| Twisted her arm or pulled her hair | 3.6 | 0.3 | 1.7 | 2.0 |
| Punched her with his fist or with something that could hurt her | 4.7 | 0.3 | 2.1 | 2.5 |
| Kicked her, dragged her, or beat her up | 3.3 | 0.4 | 1.4 | 1.8 |
| Tried to choke her or burn her on purpose | 2.0 | 0.3 | 0.7 | 1.0 |
| Threatened her or attacked her with a knife, gun, or any other weapon | 2.3 | 0.2 | 1.0 | 1.2 |
| Sexual violence | ||||
| Any | 8.0 | 0.8 | 4.2 | 4.9 |
| Physically forced her to have sexual intercourse with him even when she did not want to | 6.3 | 0.7 | 3.7 | 4.3 |
| Forced her to perform any sexual acts she did not want to | 2.2 | 0.3 | 1.3 | 1.6 |
| Tried or attempted to force her to have sexual intercourse with him or perform any other sexual acts against her will | 2.3 | 0.2 | 0.6 | 0.8 |
| Persuaded or threatened her to have sexual intercourse with him or performed any other sexual acts against her will | 1.6 | 0.2 | 0.6 | 0.9 |
| Sexual initiation was with current or most recent husband and was forced 2/ | 1.8 | na | na | na |
| Other forms of violence | ||||
| Any | 22.6 | 4.8 | 10.5 | 15.3 |
| Said or did something to humiliate her in front of others | 7.4 | 1.1 | 3.8 | 5.0 |
| Threatened to hurt or harm her or someone close to her | 6.5 | 0.9 | 3.2 | 4.1 |
| Insulted her or made her feel bad about herself | 10.9 | 1.6 | 6.0 | 7.6 |
| Did not allow to engage in any legitimate work nor practice profession | 8.9 | 0.6 | 1.5 | 2.1 |
| Controlled her own money or properties or forced her to work | 2.4 | 0.6 | 0.8 | 1.4 |
| Destroyed her personal properties, pets or belongings, or threatened or actually harmed her pets | 3.8 | 0.6 | 1.1 | 1.8 |
| Had other intimate relationships | 5.6 | 0.4 | 0.7 | 1.1 |
| Any form of physical and/or sexual violence | 17.9 | 1.4 | 8.9 | 10.3 |
| Any form of physical and sexual violence | 4.4 | 0.3 | 1.6 | 1.9 |
| Any form of physical. Sexual, and/or other forms of violence | 29.0 | 5.3 | 13.5 | 18.9 |
| Any form of physical. Sexual, and other forms of violence | 3.8 | 0.3 | 1.3 | 1.5 |
| Number of ever-married women | 6,932 | 6,783 | 6,783 | 6,783 |
Note: Husband refers to the current husband for currently married women
and the most recent husband for divorced, separated or widowed women.
1/ - Excludes widows
2/ - Excludes women who have been married more than once since their sexual initiation could not have been with the current/most recent partner
na = not applicable
Source: 2008 National Demographic and Health Survey, National Statistics Office
Table 5. Degree of Marital control exercised by husbands
Percentage of ever-married women aged 15-49 whose husbands have ever exhibited specific types of controlling behaviors, Philippines 2008
| Controlling Behaviors | Percentage of women whose husband |
| Is jealous or angry if she talks to other men | 30.3 |
| Frequently accuses her of being unfaithful | 12.6 |
| Does not permit her to meet her female friends | 5.9 |
| Tries to limit her contact with her family | 4.0 |
| Insists on knowing where she is at all times | 17.8 |
| Does not trust her with any money | 4.8 |
| Displays 3 or more of the specific behaviors | 9.8 |
| Displays none of the specific behaviors | 61.3 |
Note: Husband refers to the current husband for currently married women and the most recent husband for divorced, separated or widowed women. Total includes 2 women with information missing on employment status.
Source: 2008 National Demographic and Health Survey, National Statistics Office
Table 6. Violence during pregnancy
Among women aged 15-49 who have ever been pregnant,
percentage who have ever experienced physical violence during pregnancy,
by marital status, Philippines 2008
| Background characteristic | Percentage who have ever experienced physical violence during pregnancy | Number of women who have ever been pregnant |
| Marital status | ||
| Never married | 2.5 | 111 |
| Married or living together | 3.3 | 6,160 |
| Divorced/separated/widowed | 8.2 | 390 |
| Total | 3.6 | 6,661 |
Source: 2008 National Demographic and Health Survey, National Statistics Office
Table 7. Violence by women against their spouse
Percentage of ever- married women aged 15-49 who have ever committed physical violence against their husband and in the past 12 months preceding the survey, by women's experience of spousal physical violence, Philippines 2008
| Type of violence | Percentage of ever-married women |
|||
| Ever committed violence against husband | Number of women | Committed violence against husband in the past 12 months 1/ | Number of women 1/ | |
| Woman's experienced of spousal physical violence | ||||
| Ever | 39.6 | 995 | 20.9 | 973 |
| In the past 12 months | 42.4 | 507 | 33.4 | 500 |
| Not past 12 months/widow/missing | 36.7 | 488 | 7.7 | 473 |
| Never | 11.7 | 5,937 | 6.8 | 5,811 |
| Total | 15.7 | 6,932 | 8.8 | 6,783 |
Note: Husband refers to the current husband for currently married women and the most recent husband for divorce, separated, or widowed women Total includes 21 women with information missing on husband's education, 20 women with information missing on husband's
1/ Excludes widows
Source: 2008 National Demographic and Health Survey, National Statistics Office
Among women aged 15-49 who have ever experienced physical or sexual violence, percentage who fought back physically, fought back verbally or sought help from any source to stop the violence, by type of violence and background characteristics, Philippines
| Background characteristic | Fought Back physically | Fought Back verbally | Sought help from a source to stop violence | Number of women |
| Type of Violence | ||||
| Physical | 18.8 | 24.6 | 13.8 | 1,390 |
| Sexual | 15.5 | 22.1 | 13.6 | 329 |
| Both physical and sexual | 32.0 | 37.2 | 30.9 | 481 |
| Total | 21.2 | 26.9 | 17.5 | 2,199 |
Note: Excludes women whose sexual initaition was forced but who have not experienced any other form of physical or sexual violence. Total include 7 women with information missing on employment status.
Source: 2008 National Demographic and Health Survey, National Statistics Office
Table 9. Sources from which help was sought
Among women aged 15-49 who have ever experienced physical or sexual violence and sought help to stop the violence, percentage who sought help from specific sources, by type of violence experienced, Philippines 2008
| Source of help | Type of violence | Total | ||
| Physical | Sexual | Both physical and sexual | ||
| Own family | 45.0 | 54.0 | 42.5 | 45.1 |
| In-laws | 15.8 | 8.2 | 14.9 | 14.5 |
| Husband/partner boyfriend | 1.0 | 0.0 | 0.9 | 0.8 |
| Friend/neighbor | 26.4 | 23.9 | 32.6 | 28.5 |
| Religious Leader | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.7 | 0.3 |
| Doctor/medical personnel | 2.0 | 0.0 | 3.4 | 2.3 |
| Police | 7.4 | 8.1 | 12.3 | 9.3 |
| Lawyer | 1.5 | 3.9 | 0.8 | 1.5 |
| Social service organization | 4.8 | 0.0 | 9.2 | 6.0 |
| Other | 2.6 | 9.3 | 6.2 | 4.7 |
| Number of women | 191 | 45 | 149 | 385 |
Source: 2008 National Demographic and Health Survey, National Statistics Office
Table 10.1 Cases of Violence Against Women Reported to the Police, 2008-2009
| Classification of Offenses | 2008 | 2009 |
08-09 Inc/Dec | |||
| Number | Percent | Number | Percent | Number | Percent | |
| Physical Injuries/ Maltreatment | 1,307 | 18.9 | 1,498 | 15.8 | 191 | 14.6 |
| Rape | 811 | 11.7 | 770 | 8.1 | (41) | (5.1) |
| Acts of Lasciviousness | 445 | 6.4 | 485 | 5.1 | 40 | 9.0 |
| Threats | 220 | 3.2 | 208 | 2.2 | (12) | (5.5) |
| Concubinage | 109 | 1.6 | 99 | 1.0 | (10) | (9.2) |
| Unjust Vexation | 83 | 1.2 | 703 | 7.4 | 620 | 747.0 |
| Sexual Harrassment | 18 | 0.3 | 54 | 0.6 | 36 | 200.0 |
| Others | 3,912 | 56.7 | 5,668 | 59.8 | 1,756 | 44.9 |
| Total | 6,905 | 100.0 | 9,485 | 100.0 | 2,580 | 37.4 |
Source: Philippine National Police
Table 10.2 Women in Especially Difficult Situations Served by the DSWD
by Clientele Type, 2008-2009
| Clientele Type | 2008 | 2009 |
08-09 Inc/Dec | |||
| Number | Percent | Number | Percent | Number | Percent | |
| Physically Abused/ Maltreated/ Battered | 1,281 | 12.1 | 1,235 | 8.8 | (46) | (3.6) |
| Sexually Abused | 254 | 2.4 | 237 | 1.7 | (17) | (6.7) |
| Illegal Recruitment | 91 | 0.9 | 50 | 0.4 | (41) | (45.1) |
| Involuntary Prostitution | 108 | 1.0 | 66 | 0.5 | (42) | (38.9) |
| Victims of Trafficking | 268 | 2.5 | 210 | 1.5 | (58) | (21.6) |
| Victims of Armed Conflict | 3 | 0.0 | 5 | 0.0 | 2 | 66.7 |
| In Detention | 47 | 0.4 | 30 | 0.2 | (17) | (36.2) |
| Others 1/ | 1,116 | 10.5 | 1,119 | 8.0 | 3 | 0.3 |
| Uncategorized 2/ | 7,462 | 70.2 | 11,088 | 79.0 | 3,626 | 48.6 |
| Total | 10,630 | 100.0 | 14,040 | 100.0 | 3,410 | 32.1 |
1/ Includes HIV patients/potentials, neglected, abandoned, unwed mothers, strandees, emotionally distressed, sexually exploited, voluntary committed/surrendered and victims of disaster, strandees.
2/ These are WEDC clients served at Crisis Intervention Units whose cases were not categorized.
Source: Department of Social Welfare and Development
Posted: 08 March 2010.
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