NSCB - Statistically Speaking... The Devastation of Ondoy and Pepeng! by Dr. Romulo A. Virola

The Devastation of Ondoy and Pepeng!
by Dr. Romulo A. Virola ¹
Secretary General, NSCB

Last month we celebrated the 20th National Statistics Month (NSM) with the theme “Enhancing Security Sector Statistics for Good Governance, Peace and Sustainable Development”. As we were preparing for, and during the month-long celebration, unwelcomed guests, Ondoy and Pepeng gate crashed into our celebration devastating many parts of the country, including Metro Manila. Tropical cyclones were in fact, in the Philippine Area of Responsibility (PAR) for almost the whole National Statistics Month of October. Co-incidentally, the Department of National Defense (DND)², which is the lead agency of the National Disaster Coordinating Council (NDCC), was the host of this year’s NSM. Indeed, this year’s NSM focus was apt and timely in the aftermath of the devastation brought about by Ondoy and Pepeng. Now more than ever, the Philippine Statistical System (PSS) must strive to develop our statistics on the security sector to put us on a proactive mode in dealing with tropical cyclones and the impact of climate change. Yes, statistics must play its crucial role in informing decisions on the many risks that threaten our security!

In August last year, Statistically Speaking wrote about typhoons in the Philippines. Historically, the fourth quarter is when the strongest typhoons come and when the second highest number of tropical cyclones³ would visit the PAR. In addition, 9 of the 20 deadliest cyclones from 1947 to 2006⁴ occurred in November. With more than half a month left of November and with close to two months left of the fourth quarter, it is an opportune time to look at selected updated data about typhoons in the Philippines.

Historically, from 1948 to 2009⁵, July is the favorite month of tropical cyclones (TC) to enter the PAR, with 204 TC of which 96 were typhoons (TY), followed by August (193 TC; 88 TY), September (185 TC; 95 TY), October (157 TC; 96 TY) and November (131 TC; 70 TY). (Table 1, Figure 1)

The year 1993 experienced the highest number of tropical cyclones with 32 while the least number occurred in 1998 with 11. Over the 62-year period and with one-and-a-half months still left, 2009 ties for 25th with 20 TC. (Table 2)

quote But the period starting on the 26th of September until 31 October was among the toughest for Filipinos as tropical cyclones visited the Philippines one after another. I am sure Ondoy and Pepeng will be etched in our memory for a long time.

Tropical cyclone Ondoy with international name “Ketsana” was classified by the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA) as a tropical storm (TS). Yes, it was not even a typhoon! It entered the PAR on 24 September, caused unforeseen damages on 26 September and exited on 27 September. In less than a week, with the entire nation still shell shocked by the devastation wrought by Ondoy, came Pepeng (international name “Parma”), who overstayed in Philippine territory blazing a trail of destruction in Northern Luzon for almost two weeks.

From 1948 to 2008, the average number of tropical cyclones in the month of September and October is five with one tropical depression (TD), one TS and three TY. The highest number recorded was 10, in 1993, 1983 and in 1978. But do you recall that none came in 2002? What good things did we do then? (Table 3)

In the case of September and October 2009, PAGASA data show a total of eight TC’s with one TD, three TS and four TY, way above the historical average and the highest since 1995. (Table 3)

What Ondoy and Pepeng Did!

Amount of Rainfall

The extreme effects of the two tropical cyclones are deaths due to massive flooding and landslides brought about by continuous rain. Ondoy flooded Metro Manila and nearby provinces while Pepeng flooded most parts of Northern Luzon, specifically the province of Pangasinan.

The amount of rainfall recorded at the PAGASA Port Area Station in Manila from 1993 to 2008 showed July as the wettest month followed by August, September, October and June. This is the same pattern as was observed from 1993 to 2003.⁶ (Figure 2)

According to the PAGASA Science Garden Station in Quezon City, Ondoy poured 455 millimeters of rain for 24 hours straight last September 26, 2009⁷. This 24-hour downpour on September 26, 2009 is almost one-and-a-half times the historical average for 1993-2008 for the entire month of September (364 mm). In fact, the September 26, 2009 rainfall exceeded all averages for an entire month, except for July (459 mm). Objectively, this would have been very difficult for our PAGASA scientists, who I am sure are doing their best, to have foreseen. And who again were the two congressmen who were responsible for delaying the purchase of the Doppler radar systems needed by PAGASA? (Table 4)

Looking at the Dagupan City, Pangasinan Station, August ranks first as the rainiest month followed by July, September, June, May, and October. July used to be the rainiest in Pangasinan, but since 2003, there was a shift to August as the rainiest month except in 2006. Effect of climate change? (Table 4 and Figure 2)

If we go by historical averages, we do not expect any more Ondoy or Pepeng for the rest of the Year of the Ox. But then, with climate change, we can never be sure. So let us be prepared for all versions of the inconvenient truth. Including the winners in the 2010 elections!

Affected Areas and Population

Ondoy affected more regions than Pepeng. Aside from the whole of Luzon, Ondoy also affected Regions VI, IX, XII and ARMM.⁸ Pepeng affected Luzon except Region IV-B (MIMAROPA), and Region VI.

While Ondoy affected more regions than Pepeng, Pepeng affected 13.1% or 5,486 of our barangays⁹ compared to 4.7% or 1,987 barangays by Ondoy. The three regions with the highest proportion of barangays affected by Ondoy were Region IV-A (26.0%), Region III (18.6%) and NCR (13.9%). On the other hand, Region I (73.7%), CAR (63.3%) and Region II (43.2%) are the three regions most affected by Pepeng. (Figure 3)

In terms of affected population¹⁰, Ondoy affected 5.6% or 4,929,382 persons while Pepeng affected 5.1% or 4,478,284 persons. The regions with the highest proportion of the population affected were Region IV-A (25.7%), Region III (9.1%) and NCR (8.3%) by Ondoy, and Region I (46.5%), CAR (28.2%) and Region II (16.4%) by Pepeng. (Figure 4)

Casualties

Ondoy and Pepeng left almost a thousand deaths with 84 still missing. CAR (350, 34 missing) recorded the highest death incidence, mainly due to landslides, followed by NCR (241) and Region IV-A (161, 20 missing). (Figure 5)

Damaged Houses and Schools

Ondoy and Pepeng together damaged 212,918 houses most of which were in Region IV-A (90,482) followed by NCR (65,521), Region I (25,437), Region II (18,502) and CAR (8,186). (Figure 6)

Ondoy damaged a total of 1,382 schools mostly in Region IV-A (502), in Region III (357) and in NCR (348). Meanwhile, Pepeng destroyed 1,453 schools mostly in Region I with 708, Region V (289), and CAR (230).
(Figure 7)

Cost of Damages

The combined cost of damages brought about by the two tropical cyclones reached Php 38 billion of which a little over Php 11 billion came from Ondoy and Php 27 billion from Pepeng. Going back to the 20 costliest TC from 1947 to 2006 that hit the Philippines, Pepeng and Ondoy have unseated Ruping and Rosing as the two costliest TC in the Philippines¹¹, with Pepeng, by far, the worst! (Table 5 and Table 6)

By region, Region III suffered the most with 32.2 percent of the total cost of damage followed by Region I (31.5 %), Region II (12.2%) and CAR (10.3%). (Table 5)

Damage to infrastructure, i.e., roads and bridges, flood control structures, health facilities and schools, was estimated by NDCC at Php 11.1 billion. Regions I and III absorbed the highest cost of damage with 27.7% and 24.8%, respectively, followed by CAR (17.2%). (Figure 8)

Damage to agriculture, i.e., agricultural crops, livestocks, fisheries and agricultural facilities, was estimated at Php 27.2 billion. Region III was worst hit with 35.3 percent of the total damage followed by Region I (33.1%) and Region II (15.2%). (Figure 9)

With Php 23.6 billion damages in Agriculture and Fisheries as reported in the NDCC Situation Report as of November 5, 2009, the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) growth rate in nominal terms may be reduced by 0.2 percentage point in the 3rd quarter of 2009 and 0.6 percentage point in the 4th quarter of 2009. (Table 7)

Leptospirosis Incidence

One disease that spread after the massive flood brought by Ondoy and Pepeng was Leptospirosis. Cumulative admission in 15 hospitals in Metro Manila between October 1 and November 3, 2009 climbed to 2,272 with 174 deaths¹², which, is five times the incidence in all of 2008, and according to the Department of Health (DOH), is among the highest in the world!¹³. It may be noticed that majority of the victims were males. (Table 8)

The year about to end has been very challenging indeed. But as we have resiliently shown in the past, tayong mga Pinoy, marunong dumiskarte sa buhay. Amidst all that happened, we never fail to SMILE! We will surely pick up the pieces and life will go on!

But Ondoy and Pepeng should wake all of us up from our deep slumber. Let us learn to consider well-researched recommendations on the development path we should follow; let us acknowledge the power of statistics in informing our decisions; let us learn lessons from our mistakes; and let not politics of self-interest stand in the way of PAGASA so that it can do what it needs to do for our security, for our protection from disasters caused by our abuse of our environment and natural resources.

Next month, our Filipino athletes will be competing in the 25th South East Asian Games in Laos. I seriously think that Aling Dionisia will be a good cheerleader for them and I hope Pacman will send her, that is, if she can free herself from her accumulating acting and dancing commitments. Who would have thought that Aling Dionisia would be more popular than most of us? All you moneyed customers of Vicki Belo, eat your hearts out! Meanwhile, let us pray for the safety of our athletes and may the trials we have just been through inspire them to do their best and win as many gold as they can! Go Team Pilipinas!

Reactions and views are welcome thru email to the author at ra.virola@nscb.gov.ph.

________________

¹ Secretary General of the National Statistical Coordination Board (NSCB) and Chairman of the Statistical Research and Training Center (SRTC). He holds a Ph. D. in Statistics from the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor, USA and has taught mathematics and statistics at the University of the Philippines. He is also a past president of the Philippine Statistical Association. This article is co-written by Mark Rex S. Romaraog, Statistical Coordination Officer III of the Integrated Accounts Division, Economic Statistics Office, NSCB. The authors thank Edward Eugenio Lopez-Dee, Racquel Dolores Sabenano, Marymell C. Martillan, Rhea Ann Bautista, Florande Polistico, Edwin U. Aragon, Noel S. Nepomuceno, Albert A. Garcia, Jessamyn O. Encarnacion, and Candido J. Astrologo, Jr. of the NSCB for the assistance in the preparation of the article. The views expressed in the article are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the NSCB.

² Undersecretary Antonio C. Santos Jr., who represents the DND on the NSCB Executive Board is the primary mover behind mainstreaming security sector statistics in the Philippine Statistical System

³ Tropical cyclones are classified into tropical depression (TD), with winds up to 38 miles per hour, tropical storm (TS) with winds from 39 to 73 miles per hour and typhoons (TY) with winds of at least 74 miles per hour.

⁴ Typhoon2000.com series started from 1947. No updates for 2007-2009.

⁵ Data as of November 2, 2009.

⁶ http://www.nscb.gov.ph/headlines/StatsSpeak/2008/081408_rav_typhoons.asp

⁷ From the Climate Impact Assessment for Philippine Agriculture from the PAGASA Website. Accessed on November 5, 2009.

⁸ Data were taken from the NDCC situation report on Tropical Storm “Ondoy” and Typhoon “Pepeng” as of November 5, 2009 accessed from the NDCC website on November 5, 2009.

⁹ Number of Barangay per region as of June 30, 2009 is taken from the NSCB website: http://www.nscb.gov.ph/activestats/psgc/NSCB_PSGC_SUMMARY_Jun2009.pdf. Accessed on November 5, 2009.

¹⁰ Used the 2007 population data from the brochure of National Statistics Office.

¹¹ No complete updates were provided by the data source for 2007 to 2009.

¹² Data were taken from page 7 of the NDCC situation report 46 on Tropical Storm “Ondoy” and Typhoon “Pepeng” as of November 5, 2009 accessed from the NDCC website on November 5, 2009

¹³ Articles taken from http://www.gmanews.tv/story/175308/lepto-deaths-in-ncr-now-at-148-doh and http://www.abs-cbnnews.com/nation/10/22/09/rps-leptospirosis-outbreak-one-worlds-biggest on November 5, 2009

Table 1. Number of Tropical Cyclones by Strength
in the Philippine Area of Responsibility

	January	February	March	Q1	April	May	June	Q2	July	August	September	Q3	October	November	December	Q4	Total

1948 to 2009
Total	27	19	17	63	28	65	94	187	204	193	185	582	157	131	82	370	1202

Tropical Depression (TD)	10	8	2	20	7	17	17	41	55	45	35	135	24	26	20	70	266
Tropical Storm (TS)	9	8	9	26	7	21	27	55	53	60	55	168	37	35	21	93	342
Typhoon (TY)	8	3	6	17	14	27	50	91	96	88	95	279	96	70	41	207	594

Source:
1948 to 2007 Data, PAGASA, Typhoon2000.com
2008 Data, Typhoon2000.com (URL: http://www.maybagyo.com/season08s.htm, Accessed data: October 19, 2009)
2009 Data, PAGASA, Typhoon2000.com (URL: http://www.maybagyo.com/season09s.htm, Accessed data: October 19, 2009), NDCC

Figure 1. Number of Tropical Cyclones by Strength
in the Philippine Area of Responsibility: 1948 to 2009

chart

Table 2. Number of Tropical Cyclones in the Philippine Area of Responsibilty (PAR)
1948 to 2009

Year	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sept	Oct	Nov	Dec	Annual Total	Rank

1948	1	0	0	0	1	0	3	1	3	2	6	3	20	25
1949	1	0	0	0	0	2	5	2	4	3	3	2	22	15
1950	0	0	0	0	0	2	3	1	2	3	2	1	14	55
1951	0	0	0	0	1	1	1	4	2	1	1	2	13	58
1952	0	0	0	0	0	5	2	3	4	4	4	5	27	3
1953	0	1	0	0	1	2	0	5	2	2	3	2	18	36
1954	0	0	1	0	1	0	1	6	2	3	3	1	18	36
1955	1	1	0	1	0	0	2	3	1	4	1	1	15	51
1956	0	0	1	2	0	0	4	4	5	1	5	3	25	5
1957	2	0	0	1	0	2	1	2	3	3	1	0	15	51
1958	1	0	0	0	0	1	4	3	3	2	3	0	17	40
1959	0	1	1	0	0	0	1	4	2	4	3	2	18	36
1960	1	0	0	1	1	2	2	6	1	3	0	2	19	31
1961	1	1	1	0	1	4	5	2	4	1	1	2	23	10
1962	0	1	0	0	2	0	4	6	4	1	3	0	21	19
1963	0	0	0	0	1	3	4	2	3	1	0	2	16	46
1964	0	0	0	0	2	1	9	5	5	3	3	2	30	2
1965	2	1	1	0	2	2	6	2	3	1	1	0	21	19
1966	0	0	0	1	3	1	7	1	3	2	2	2	22	15
1967	0	1	1	1	1	2	4	5	0	2	3	1	21	19
1968	0	1	0	0	0	2	2	3	3	1	3	0	15	51
1969	0	0	0	1	1	0	4	2	4	1	1	1	15	51
1970	0	1	0	0	0	3	2	4	4	4	2	1	21	19
1971	1	0	1	3	3	3	4	2	3	5	2	0	27	3
1972	2	0	0	0	0	2	4	2	4	1	1	1	17	40
1973	0	0	0	0	0	1	2	4	1	3	1	0	12	61
1974	1	0	0	0	0	3	4	4	2	5	2	2	23	10
1975	1	0	0	0	0	0	1	2	4	3	2	1	14	55
1976	1	1	0	1	1	2	4	3	4	0	2	3	22	15
1977	1	0	0	0	1	1	4	2	4	2	2	2	19	31
1978	0	0	0	1	0	3	1	7	6	4	2	1	25	5
1979	0	0	1	1	2	1	3	3	3	4	2	2	22	15
1980	0	1	1	1	3	2	4	3	2	2	3	1	23	10
1981	0	1	0	0	0	3	5	4	3	2	3	2	23	10
1982	0	0	2	0	1	0	5	4	4	2	0	2	20	25
1983	0	0	0	0	0	0	3	3	4	6	4	3	23	10
1984	0	0	0	0	0	1	2	7	1	4	3	1	19	31
1985	1	0	0	0	1	2	2	3	4	3	0	1	17	40
1986	0	1	0	1	1	2	3	2	1	4	3	3	21	19
1987	1	0	0	0	0	1	4	3	2	2	2	1	16	46
1988	1	0	0	0	1	3	3	0	3	6	2	1	20	25
1989	1	0	0	0	1	2	6	1	2	3	2	1	19	31
1990	0	0	0	0	4	3	2	3	4	1	2	1	20	25
1991	0	0	1	1	1	1	4	2	4	2	2	1	19	31
1992	0	0	0	0	0	2	3	5	1	3	2	0	16	46
1993	0	1	0	2	1	2	5	5	6	4	2	4	32	1	Highest Occurrence
1994	1	0	0	1	2	2	6	4	3	3	1	1	24	9
1995	0	0	0	0	1	0	2	3	4	4	0	2	16	46
1996	0	1	0	1	2	0	3	2	4	2	2	0	17	40
1997	1	0	0	0	1	2	3	3	0	1	2	1	14	55
1998	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	3	3	2	1	1	11	62	Lowest Occurrence
1999	1	1	0	2	0	2	2	2	2	2	2	0	16	46
2000	0	0	0	0	3	0	4	2	3	3	2	1	18	36
2001	0	1	0	1	1	2	4	1	2	1	3	1	17	40
2002	1	0	2	0	1	2	5	2	0	0	0	0	13	58
2003	0	0	0	1	3	1	4	6	4	3	2	1	25	5
2004	0	1	1	1	2	4	1	3	4	3	4	1	25	5
2005	0	0	1	1	1	1	3	2	4	1	2	1	17	40
2006	1	0	1	0	1	1	4	3	2	3	2	2	20	25
2007	0	0	0	0	1	0	1	3	3	2	3	0	13	58
2008	0	0	0	1	4	1	3	3	4	0	4	1	21	19
2009	1	1	0	0	3	1	4	1	4	4	1		20	25

TOTAL	27	19	17	28	65	94	204	193	185	157	131	82	1202


	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sept	Oct	Nov	Dec
RANK	10	11	12	9	8	6	1	2	3	4	5	7
			Lowest Occurrence				Highest Occurrence

Table 3. Number of Tropical Cyclones in the Philippine Area of Responsibilty (PAR), September to October
1948-2009

Year	September - October			Total
Year	TD	TS	TY	Total
1948	2	3	0	5
1949	1	1	5	7
1950	1	3	1	5
1951	0	0	3	3
1952	1	3	4	8
1953	1	0	3	4
1954	1	0	4	5
1955	1	1	3	5
1956	1	0	5	6
1957	0	2	4	6
1958	1	0	4	5
1959	0	2	4	6
1960	0	1	3	4
1961	0	2	3	5
1962	2	0	3	5
1963	0	1	3	4
1964	0	2	6	8
1965	1	1	2	4
1966	1	2	2	5
1967	0	0	2	2
1968	0	0	4	4
1969	1	1	3	5
1970	1	4	3	8
1971	0	5	3	8
1972	4	1	0	5
1973	0	1	3	4
1974	1	2	4	7
1975	0	2	5	7
1976	2	1	1	4
1977	2	2	2	6
1978	4	2	4	10	Highest Occurrence
1979	1	2	4	7
1980	0	1	3	4
1981	1	1	3	5
1982	1	2	3	6
1983	2	5	3	10	Highest Occurrence
1984	3	0	2	5
1985	1	3	3	7
1986	1	2	2	5
1987	1	0	3	4
1988	1	4	4	9
1989	0	1	4	5
1990	0	0	5	5
1991	0	0	6	6
1992	0	1	3	4
1993	2	3	5	10	Highest Occurrence
1994	2	1	3	6
1995	1	4	3	8
1996	2	0	4	6
1997	0	0	1	1
1998	0	1	4	5
1999	1	2	1	4
2000	0	2	4	6
2001	1	2	0	3
2002	0	0	0	0	Lowest Occurrence
2003	3	2	2	7
2004	1	1	5	7
2005	3	0	2	5
2006	1	1	3	5
2007	0	2	3	5
2008	0	1	3	4
AVERAGE	1	1	3	5
2009	1	3	4	8

Table 4. Amount of Rainfall by Month and By Selected Station
1993 - 2008
(In millimeter)

Sampling Station		Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Average	Rank
Dagupan City, Pangasinan
	Normals (1971-2000)	8.0	6.1	17.6	52.8	204.4	331.8	535.8	608.6	362.2	200.6	53.4	10.4	199.3
	1993	0.0	4.4	6.4	81.6	52.7	392.9	309.0	264.9	376.7	353.5	86.3	7.5	161.3	14
	1994	15.1	13.4	1.0	25.2	130.9	202.1	908.8	203.2	326.6	72.0		2.0	172.8	12
	1995	0.0	0.0	0.6	4.0	246.5	216.0	512.6	395.0	328.3	82.1	30.0	24.9	153.3	15
	1996	7.2	0.0	3.4	51.3	141.0	95.7	683.5	538.9	442.7	130.8	103.8	0.0	183.2	10
	1997	6.0		11.6	91.5	371.6	230.8	333.1	842.4	333.3	83.3	8.6	0.0	210.2	7
	1998		0.0	0.0	197.0	175.2	83.4	111.7	188.3	1063.1	515.5	105.8	40.0	225.5	6
	1999	0.0		80.4	58.9	150.3	418.3	472.9	1070.7	271.7	349.1	50.9	14.7	267.1	3
	2000	1.0	38.8	77.4	39.3	318.1	211.0	1191.7	648.9	321.5	519.5	17.0	44.7	285.7	1
	2001		36.5	131.1	94.6	106.5	383.6	605.7	328.6	328.2	21.2	4.8	1.3	185.6	9
	2002		21.1	0.0	5.2	310.6	221.3	1289.2	216.9	329.3	266.6	14.7	51.6	247.9	5
	2003	0.4	0.0	15.4	13.2	939.3	534.0	297.7	1030.2	391.1	139.0	47.0	0.0	283.9	2
	2004		88.5	12.2	3.8	332.4	616.4	261.4	1184.0	111.7	37.6	72.5	93.6	255.8	4
	2005	3.8	0.0	5.3	38.5	177.5	279.7	187.8	332.7	324.8	163.3	88.6	21.5	135.3	16
	2006	79.8	0.0	18.9	42.6	53.9	165.7	792.7	546.7	354.1	212.8	105.2	13.3	198.8	8
	2007	6.6	4.0	10.5	64.2	134.1	241.9	237.4	709.9	197.4	142.6	194.8	1.2	162.1	13
	2008	5.0	27.0	47.4	86.2	426.3	208.1	319.3	615.3	371.2	35.9	28.7	0.0	180.9	11
	Average	10.4	16.7	26.4	56.1	254.2	281.3	532.2	569.8	367.0	195.3	63.9	19.8	206.8
	Rank	12	11	9	8	5	4	2	1	3	6	7	10
Port Area (MCO), Manila
	Normals (1971-2000)	19.0	7.9	11.1	21.4	165.2	265.0	419.6	486.1	330.3	270.9	129.3	75.4	183.4
	1993		0.2	1.0	0.5	7.0	219.2	217.3	437.6	284.2	249.4	206.2	146.0	160.8	12
	1994	41.2	1.6	12.0	22.4	168.7	241.8	761.7	367.8	276.4	80.7	44.7	96.3	176.3	7
	1995	3.4	23.0	6.8	4.0	110.8	225.8	342.1	538.2	493.6	335.5	264.7	142.7	207.6	5
	1996	6.6		4.9	30.6	172.7	156.2	413.7	257.5	483.8	54.0	150.1	12.0	158.4	13
	1997	10.4	24.0		20.4	520.9	240.0	438.7	679.8	184.7	121.4	24.4	32.9	208.9	4
	1998	6.4	0.0	14.4	2.8	126.7	120.6	167.2	195.7	704.9	356.9	84.1	315.9	174.6	8
	1999	18.0	11.0	46.0	125.9	98.5	327.9	477.4	654.8	383.6	308.3	106.7	182.4	228.4	2
	2000	25.5	48.4	23.5	49.6	513.8	213.0	893.1	340.3	443.2	499.9	242.0	155.8	287.3	1
	2001	34.0	54.5	26.3	39.0	174.2	182.1	388.6	465.4	121.4	183.4	74.6	88.7	152.7	14
	2002	7.5	11.3	7.8	15.4	71.2	37.4	1468.8	363.3	277.7	212.4	140.1	29.3	220.2	3
	2003	8.5	8.3	1.2	18.4	408.1	232.1	333.5	425.3	366.7	114.1	129.6	11.4	171.4	10
	2004	1.2	40.5	0.0		225.3	260.2	150.6	426.3	173.3	75.6	152.8	41.3	140.6	16
	2005	9.8	8.9	15.8		60.1	312.9	175.1	262.4	328.8	296.0	33.8	87.2	144.6	15
	2006	56.1	17.4	79.9	0.0	50.6	191.5	569.3	246.4	515.4	199.0	63.7	105.9	174.6	9
	2007	1.2	15.0	28.0	27.2	107.3	41.4	186.6	620.2	400.8	212.1	279.9	45.4	163.8	11
	2008	58.5	20.7	19.9	40.1	218.4	233.4	365.0	547.3	388.9	125.1	127.8	54.6	183.3	6
	Average	19.2	19.0	19.2	28.3	189.6	202.2	459.3	426.8	364.2	214.0	132.8	96.7	184.6
	Rank	10	12	11	9	6	5	1	2	3	4	7	8

Notes: 1. Normals refer to the period averages for a uniform and relative long period comprising at least 3 consecutive 10-year periods.
2. means trace.
Source: PAGASA

Figure 2. Amount of Rainfall by Month and By Selected Station: 1993 to 2008

Chart

Source: PAG-ASA

Figure 3. Percentage of Affected Barangays

Region	Ondoy		Pepeng
Region	Percent	Rank	Percent	Rank

Total	4.7%		13.1%

NCR	13.9%	3	2.6%	6
CAR	0.2%	11	63.3%	2
Region I	0.2%	10	73.7%	1
Region II	0.1%	12	43.2%	3
Region III	18.6%	2	25.2%	4
Region IV-A	26.0%	1	1.0%	7
Region IV-B	2.3%	4
Region V	1.2%	5	13.3%	5
Region VI	0.4%	8	0.1%	8
Region VII
Region VIII
Region IX	0.4%	7
Region X
Region XI
Region XII	1.2%	6
ARMM	0.3%	9

Chart

Note: Percent of Affected Barangays is computed as the (No. of Affected Barangays in the Region / Total No. of Barangays in the Region) x 100
Source: NDCC (As of November 5, 2009) and NSCB

Figure 4. Percentage of Affected Population

Region	Ondoy			Pepeng
Region	Percent		Rank	Percent		Rank

Total	5.6%			5.1%

NCR	8.3%		3	0.2%		6
CAR	0.0%	a	12	28.2%		2
Region I	0.0%	a	11	46.5%		1
Region II	0.0%	a	8	16.4%		3
Region III	9.1%		2	11.7%		4
Region IV-A	25.7%		1	0.1%		7
Region IV-B	1.4%		4
Region V	0.5%		5	5.1%		5
Region VI	0.0%	a	10	0.0%	a	8
Region VII
Region VIII
Region IX	0.0%	a	9
Region X
Region XI
Region XII	0.1%		6
ARMM	0.0%	a	7

Chart

Note: Percent of Affected Population is computed as the (No. of Affected Persons in the Region / Total Population in the Region) x 100
Result of 2007 POPCEN is used for the total number of Person in Region
^a Number of person affected rounds off to 0.0% of the population

Figure 5. Combined Number of Casualties Caused by Ondoy and Pepeng

Region	Deaths		Missing
Region	Count	Rank	Count	Rank

Total	929		84

NCR	241	2	0	6
CAR	350	1	34	1
Region I	95	4	18	3
Region II	0	8	2	5
Region III	75	5	10	4
Region IV-A	161	3	20	2
Region IV-B	0	8	0	6
Region V	4	6	0	6
Region VI	0	8	0	6
Region VII
Region VIII
Region IX	0	8	0	6
Region X
Region XI
Region XII	0	8	0	6
ARMM	3	7	0	6

Chart

Source: NDCC (As of November 5, 2009)

Figure 6. Combined Number of Damaged Houses Caused by Ondoy and Pepeng

Region	Ondoy & Pepeng
Region	Count	Rank

Total	212,918

NCR	65,521	2
CAR	8,186	5
Region I	25,437	3
Region II	18,502	4
Region III	2,519	6
Region IV-A	90,482	1
Region IV-B	0	11
Region V	1,949	7
Region VI	155	8
Region VII	0	11
Region VIII	0	11
Region IX	55	10
Region X	0	11
Region XI	0	11
Region XII	112	9
ARMM	0	11

Chart

Note: Number of Damaged Houses is the sum of totally and partially damaged houses
Source: NDCC (As of November 5, 2009)

Figure 7. Number of Damaged Schools Caused by Ondoy and Pepeng

Region	Ondoy		Pepeng
Region	Count	Rank	Count	Rank

Total	1,382		1,453

NCR	348	3	0	6
CAR	80	4	230	3
Region I	2	7	708	1
Region II	72	5	139	4
Region III	357	2	87	5
Region IV-A	502	1	0	6
Region IV-B	21	6
Region V	0	8	289	2
Region VI	0	8	0	6
Region VII
Region VIII
Region IX	0	8
Region X
Region XI
Region XII	0	8
ARMM	0	8

Source: NDCC (As of November 5, 2009)

Table 5. Total Cost of Damages Caused by Ondoy and Pepeng
(In Pesos)

Region	TS "Ondoy"	TY "Pepeng"	Combined	Percent Dist'n	Rank

Total	11,120,591,984	27,194,672,128	38,315,264,111	100.0%

NCR	1,305,318,568	0	1,305,318,568	3.4%	6
CAR	149,755,000	3,799,765,240	3,949,520,240	10.3%	4
Region I	169,181,500	11,916,430,271	12,085,611,771	31.5%	2
Region II	465,419,593	4,218,188,460	4,683,608,053	12.2%	3
Region III	6,243,440,415	6,102,990,931	12,346,431,346	32.2%	1
Region IV-A	2,290,285,251	197,838,641	2,488,123,892	6.5%	5
Region IV-B	207,575,500	64,000,000	271,575,500	0.7%	8
Region V	289,242,157	895,458,585	1,184,700,742	3.1%	7
Region VI	0	0	0	0.0%	10
Region VII	0	0	0	0.0%	10
Region VIII	0	0	0	0.0%	10
Region IX	374,000	0	374,000	0.0%	9
Region X	0	0	0	0.0%	10
Region XI	0	0	0	0.0%	10
Region XII	0	0	0	0.0%	10
ARMM	0	0	0	0.0%	10

Source: NDCC (As of November 5, 2009)

Table 6. Costliest Tropical Cyclones in the Philippines: 1947-2006

TC NAME	PERIOD OF OCCURRENCE	DAMAGE IN PESOS* (in Billion Php)

1 PEPENG (Parma)	September 24 - 27, 2009	27.195
2. ONDOY (Ketsana)	September 30 - October 11, 2009	11.121
1. RUPING (Mike)	November 10-14, 1990	10.846
2. ROSING (Angela)	October 30-November 4, 1995	10.829
3. KADIANG (Flo)	September 30-October 7, 1993	8.752
4. LOLENG (Babs)	October 15-24, 1998	6.787
5. MILENYO (Xangsane)	September 25-30, 2006	6.61
6. UNSANG (Ruby)	October 21-26, 1998	5.636
7. ILIANG (Zeb)	October 7-18, 1998	5.375
8. REMING (Durian)	November 26-December 1, 2006	5.086
9. NITANG (Ike)	August 31-September 4, 1984	4.1
10. REMING (Xangsane)	October 26-November 1, 2000	3.944
11. FERIA (Utor)	July 2-7, 2001	3.586
12. HARUROT (Imbudo)	July 19-23, 2003	3.24
13. NANANG (Lingling)	November 6-9, 2001	3.2
14. MAMENG (Sybil)	September 27-October 1, 1995	3.17
15. TRINING (Ruth)	October 16-31, 1991	3.072
16. YONING (Skip)	November 5-8, 1988	2.767
17. MONANG (Lola)	December 2-7, 1993	2.463
18. SALING (Dot)	October 15-20, 1985	2.133
19. HERMING (Betty)	August 7-14, 1987	2.066
20. YOYONG (Nanmadol)	November 29-December 4, 2004	2.036

Not adjusted to current inflation rate of the Philippine Peso
This summary is taken from NDCC publications, and historical archives. No Complete updates for 2007 - 2009
Compiled by Dominic Alojado with additional information by David Michael V. Padua of Typhoon2000.com.
Source: http://www.typhoon2000.ph/stats/CostliestPhilippineTyphoons.htm (accessed July 23, 2008)

Figure 8: Cost of Damage to Infrastructure

Region	Ondoy & Pepeng
Region	Amount of Damage	% Dist'n	Rank

Total	11,149,136,166

NCR	1,305,318,568	11.7%	4
CAR	1,915,597,390	17.2%	3
Region I	3,088,683,583	27.7%	1
Region II	553,149,000	5.0%	6
Region III	2,767,314,454	24.8%	2
Region IV-A	1,118,001,635	10.0%	5
Region IV-B	65,915,000	0.6%	8
Region V	335,156,536	3.0%	7
Region VI	0	0.0%	9
Region VII
Region VIII
Region IX	0	0.0%	9
Region X
Region XI
Region XII	0	0.0%	9
ARMM	0	0.0%	9

Chart

Source: NDCC (As of November 5, 2009)

Figure 9: Cost of Damage to Agriculture

Region	Ondoy & Pepeng
Region	Amount of Damage	% Dist'n	Rank

Total	27,163,357,946

NCR	0	0.0%	9
CAR	2,031,152,850	7.5%	4
Region I	8,996,928,188	33.1%	2
Region II	4,130,459,053	15.2%	3
Region III	9,579,116,892	35.3%	1
Region IV-A	1,370,122,257	5.0%	5
Region IV-B	205,660,500	0.8%	7
Region V	849,544,206	3.1%	6
Region VI	0	0.0%	9
Region VII
Region VIII
Region IX	374,000	0.0%	8
Region X
Region XI
Region XII	0	0.0%	9
ARMM	0	0.0%	9

Chart

Source: NDCC (As of November 5, 2009)

Table 7. Effect of Typhoons Ondoy and Pepeng to GDP
In Million Pesos

	2008				2009
	Q1	Q2	Q3	Q4	Q1	Q2	Q3	Q4	SEM II

Effect of Ondoy and Pepeng

Estimated Damages in AF							5,698	17,901	23,599
GVA of Damages in AF							4,234	13,302	17,537

GDP in Nominal Terms	1,660,335	1,833,916	1,853,440	2,075,522	1,738,762	1,869,888
Percentage Points Reduction in GDP Nominal Growth Rate							0.2	0.6	0.4

With 23.6 billion Php losses in Agriculture and Fisheries brought about by typhoons Ondoy and Pepeng1, the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) growth rate in nominal terms may be reduced by 0.2 percentage points in the 3rd Quarter of 2009 and 0.6 percentage points in the 4th Quarter of 2009.

Notes:
1. The 23.6 billion Php damages in Agriculture and Fisheries as reported by NDCC Situation Report As of November 5, 2009, 5.7 billion Php of which came from Ondoy and 17.9 billion Php came from Pepeng.
2. The percentage points reduction in GDP in nominal terms is computed as (GVA Damagesi / GDPnominali) x 100, where i = Q3 or Q4
3. The GVA Damages is computed as Damagesi x GVAr of Agriculture and Fishery, where damages brought about by Ondoy are allocated to the 3rd Quarter of 2009 while damages brought about by Pepeng are allocated to the 4th Quarter of 2009.
4. The percentage point reduction would be higher if the effects of the damages in agriculture to the other sectors of the economy are factored in.

Source: NDCC (As of November 5, 2009), NSCB

Table 8. Incidence of Leptospirosis by Sex
2004 to 2008

Region	2004			2005			2006			2007			2008
Region	Male	Female	Both Sexes	Male	Female	Both Sexes	Male	Female	Both Sexes	Male	Female	Both Sexes	Male	Female	Both Sexes

Philippines	105	32	137	167	42	209	164	23	187	154	30	184	274	152	426

NCR	50	4	54	73	17	90	54	6	60	24	6	30	82	16	98
CAR													1		1
Region I	1	2	3				3		3	3		3	59	105	164
Region II	21	1	22	43	3	46	63	6	69	68	8	76
Region III	11	9	20	13	12	25	2	1	3				8	1	9
Region IV-A	1		1										1		1
Region IV-B
Region V	2	2	4							2	2	4	7		7
Region VI	12	7	19	20	5	25	35	8	43	30	5	35	22	12	34
Region VII	1		1	1		1
Region VIII	5	6	11	7	5	12	1		1	6	8	14
Region IX	1	1	2	3		3	3	2	5	20	1	21	43	16	59
Region X													2	1	3
Region XI													49	1	50
Region XII							3		3	1		1
ARMM				7		7

Note: 2008 data are preliminary
Source: Field Health Services Information System (FHSIS) Annual Report published by National Epedemiology Center (NEC) of the Department of Health (DOH)
Downloaded from http://www.doh.gov.ph/nec/, Accessed date: November 4, 2009

Posted 09 November 2009